Global Issues

Respuesta correcta: C) have risen

• A) roseIncorrect. This would imply the rising finished at a specific point in the past.
• B) are risingIncorrect. While they are rising, the sentence specifies "since the late 19th century."
• C) have risenCorrect. The present perfect is used for actions starting in the past and continuing to the present.
• D) had risenIncorrect. The past perfect is used for an action completed before another past action.

Respuesta correcta: C) renewable

• A) finiteIncorrect. Finite means limited, which refers to fossil fuels.
• B) fossilIncorrect. Fossil fuels are the primary cause of the emissions being discussed.
• C) renewableCorrect. Renewable sources like solar and wind are key to sustainability.
• D) depletedIncorrect. Depleted means used up.

Respuesta correcta: A) will have aimed

• A) will have aimedCorrect. The future perfect is used to describe an action that will be completed by a certain point in the future.
• B) will hopeIncorrect. This expresses a simple future hope rather than a projected completion.
• C) are aimingIncorrect. This describes a current action, not one relative to 2050.
• D) aimedIncorrect. This is the past tense.

Respuesta correcta: C) domino

• A) staticIncorrect. Static means unchanging.
• B) isolatedIncorrect. The text describes disruption across "entire ecosystems," not in isolation.
• C) dominoCorrect. A domino effect occurs when one event sets off a chain of similar events.
• D) reversibleIncorrect. Extinction is usually permanent and the resulting disruptions are difficult to reverse.

Respuesta correcta: C) Nations prioritized individual interests over a unified global strategy.

• A) All nations worked in perfect harmony from the beginning.Incorrect. This contradicts the term 'fragmented'.
• B) The response was led by a single, powerful global entity.Incorrect. Fragmented implies lack of central leadership or unity.
• C) Nations prioritized individual interests over a unified global strategy.Correct. A fragmented response implies lack of coordination and division.
• D) Technology was the only barrier to a successful outcome.Incorrect. The focus of the criticism is on the 'response', not just technology.

Respuesta correcta: D) urbanization

• A) ruralizationIncorrect. This is the opposite of city growth.
• B) migrationIncorrect. While migration causes urbanization, the term for city growth itself is urbanization.
• C) congestionIncorrect. Congestion is a symptom of urbanization, not the name of the process.
• D) urbanizationCorrect. Urbanization refers to the process of making an area more urban.

Respuesta correcta: B) increased

• A) increaseIncorrect. This would be used in a first conditional for a real possibility.
• B) increasedCorrect. The second conditional (if + past simple, could + verb) is used for hypothetical situations.
• C) would increaseIncorrect. 'Would' is not used in the 'if' clause of a conditional.
• D) have increasedIncorrect. This does not fit the conditional structure.

Respuesta correcta: B) information and communication technology

• A) modern transportationIncorrect. The digital divide is about information technology.
• B) information and communication technologyCorrect. This is the definition of the digital divide.
• C) free healthcare servicesIncorrect. This is a different type of social inequality.
• D) quality higher educationIncorrect. While related, the primary focus is on digital access.

Respuesta correcta: C) footprint

• A) trackIncorrect. 'Track' is not the standard term used with 'carbon' in this context.
• B) impactIncorrect. While we reduce our 'impact', the specific idiomatic term is 'footprint'.
• C) footprintCorrect. A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases produced by an individual or entity.
• D) shadowIncorrect. 'Shadow' is not used in this scientific context.

Respuesta correcta: C) potentially

• A) rarelyIncorrect. Ethical consumerism is based on the idea that choices do have power.
• B) neverIncorrect. This contradicts the premise of the text.
• C) potentiallyCorrect. The text implies a possibility of influence through collective consumer action.
• D) accidentallyIncorrect. Consumer choices in this context are deliberate and intended to influence.

Respuesta correcta: C) was

• A) isIncorrect. The UN was established in the past.
• B) has beenIncorrect. This would imply it is still in the process of being established.
• C) wasCorrect. Use the past simple passive for a completed action in the past.
• D) wereIncorrect. 'The United Nations' is treated as a singular organization.

Respuesta correcta: B) Food insecurity

• A) MalnutritionIncorrect. Malnutrition is the result, but the state of lacking access is food insecurity.
• B) Food insecurityCorrect. This is the formal term for lacking consistent access to food.
• C) FamineIncorrect. Famine is an extreme and widespread scarcity of food.
• D) PovertyIncorrect. Poverty is a cause, but not the specific definition of the food situation.

Respuesta correcta: A) had left

• A) had leftCorrect. The past perfect is used for an action that happened before another past action.
• B) leaveIncorrect. Present tense.
• C) have leftIncorrect. Present perfect is for past to present.
• D) were leavingIncorrect. This describes an action in progress.

Respuesta correcta: C) driver

• A) consequenceIncorrect. The text lists ranching as the cause.
• B) solutionIncorrect. Agriculture is the problem.
• C) driverCorrect. In this context, 'driver' means the main cause or force behind a process.
• D) obstacleIncorrect. Deforestation is the process.

Respuesta correcta: C) exacerbated

• A) eliminatedIncorrect. Inequality may have worsened.
• B) stabilizedIncorrect. Stabilization would mean it stopped changing.
• C) exacerbatedCorrect. To exacerbate means to make a problem or bad situation worse.
• D) ignoredIncorrect. Globalization isn't a sentient being.

Respuesta correcta: D) entitled

• A) allowedIncorrect. 'Entitled' is stronger.
• B) requestedIncorrect. These are fundamental rights.
• C) supposedIncorrect. This implies a weak expectation.
• D) entitledCorrect. To be entitled to something means to have a right to it.

Respuesta correcta: B) must

• A) mightIncorrect. This expresses a weak possibility.
• B) mustCorrect. 'Must' expresses strong obligation or necessity.
• C) wouldIncorrect. This is conditional.
• D) couldIncorrect. This expresses ability or possibility.

Respuesta correcta: D) eliminate

• A) generateIncorrect. The goal is the opposite.
• B) ignoreIncorrect. The circular economy is a strategy to manage materials.
• C) exportIncorrect. Exporting waste is not the same.
• D) eliminateCorrect. The goal of a circular economy is to design out waste.

Respuesta correcta: A) shortages

• A) shortagesCorrect. A shortage is a state where something needed cannot be obtained in sufficient amounts.
• B) abundanceIncorrect. Abundance means plenty.
• C) surplusIncorrect. Surplus means an extra amount.
• D) flowsIncorrect. 'Flows' refers to the movement of water.

Respuesta correcta: D) address

• A) hideIncorrect. The author wants to solve the problem.
• B) maintainIncorrect. The author wants to change the system.
• C) witnessIncorrect. 'Witnessing' is passive.
• D) addressCorrect. In this context, to 'address' means to think about and begin to deal with an issue.