Urban Life

Respuesta correcta: D) congestion

• A) isolationIncorrect. Public trans connects people.
• B) speedIncorrect. It aims to increase speed by reducing congestion.
• C) ruralizationIncorrect. This refers to the country, not the city.
• D) congestionCorrect. Congestion is the state of being overcrowded with traffic.

Respuesta correcta: A) has been growing

• A) has been growingCorrect. Present perfect continuous for a trend starting in the past and continuing.
• B) growsIncorrect. Present simple.
• C) grewIncorrect. Past simple.
• D) will growIncorrect. Simple future.

Respuesta correcta: D) had invested

• A) investedIncorrect. Second conditional.
• B) has investedIncorrect. Present perfect.
• C) would investIncorrect. 'Would' not used in 'if' clause.
• D) had investedCorrect. Mixed conditional (past action, present result).

Respuesta correcta: C) Gentrification

• A) UrbanizationIncorrect. Broad term for city growth.
• B) MigrationIncorrect. Broad term for moving.
• C) GentrificationCorrect. Specific term for the process described.
• D) RenovationIncorrect. Part of the process, but not the whole sociological term.

Respuesta correcta: C) sprawl

• A) concentrationIncorrect. Sprawl is the opposite of concentration.
• B) densityIncorrect. Sprawl leads to low density.
• C) sprawlCorrect. Urban sprawl is the outward expansion of cities.
• D) unityIncorrect. Sprawl often separates communities.

Respuesta correcta: B) metropolis

• A) hamletIncorrect. A hamlet is a very small village.
• B) metropolisCorrect. A metropolis is a very large and busy city.
• C) suburbIncorrect. A suburb is on the edge of a city.
• D) provinceIncorrect. A province is a region.

Respuesta correcta: B) are being constructed

• A) are constructing'Are constructing' is the active voice and would make the paths do the building; the paths are the ones being built.
• B) are being constructedCorrect. 'Are being constructed' is the present continuous passive, used for a project that is under way at the moment of speaking.
• C) constructed'Constructed' on its own would be past simple, but the construction is still in progress.
• D) have constructed'Have constructed' is the Present Perfect active, which would require the paths to be the ones doing the building.

Respuesta correcta: B) affordable

• A) luxuryIncorrect. Luxury housing is usually plentiful but too expensive.
• B) affordableCorrect. Affordable means inexpensive enough for people to pay.
• C) modernIncorrect. It may be modern but the main issue is the cost.
• D) industrialIncorrect. Not meant for living.

Respuesta correcta: A) is getting used to

• A) is getting used toCorrect. 'Be getting used to' describes the process of becoming accustomed.
• B) is used toIncorrect. This means he is already accustomed; 'getting used to' shows the process.
• C) used toIncorrect. Refers to a past habit.
• D) gets used toIncorrect. Simple present doesn't show the current process.

Respuesta correcta: A) concrete jungle

• A) concrete jungleCorrect. Metaphor for an unpleasant, crowded city environment.
• B) oasisIncorrect. An oasis is a fertile spot in a desert.
• C) paradiseIncorrect. Opposite meaning.
• D) playgroundIncorrect. Focuses on fun rather than the harshness.

Respuesta correcta: C) commuter

• A) touristIncorrect. Travels for pleasure.
• B) residentIncorrect. Just lives there, doesn't necessarily travel.
• C) commuterCorrect. Travels for work.
• D) nativeIncorrect. Born there.

Respuesta correcta: C) has been transformed

• A) has transformed'Has transformed' is the active voice and would make the shipyard do the transforming, but the shipyard received the change.
• B) is transforming'Is transforming' is active and ongoing, which does not fit a transformation that is already complete.
• C) has been transformedCorrect. 'Has been transformed' is the present perfect passive, used for a completed change whose result defines the place today.
• D) transforms'Transforms' is the present simple, and the sentence describes a completed change.

Respuesta correcta: D) cosmopolitan

• A) provincialIncorrect. Provincial means narrow-minded or typical of a province.
• B) isolatedIncorrect. Isolation is the opposite of cosmopolitanism.
• C) homogeneousIncorrect. Homogeneous means all the same.
• D) cosmopolitanCorrect. Cosmopolitan means containing people from many different countries.

Respuesta correcta: A) were

• A) wereCorrect. Second conditional for a hypothetical situation.
• B) isIncorrect. First conditional.
• C) has beenIncorrect. Present perfect.
• D) had beenIncorrect. Third conditional.

Respuesta correcta: D) walkability

• A) parkingPrioritizing parking discourages walking, so it works against the walkability the sentence praises.
• B) isolationIsolation is the opposite of making a city friendly to people on foot, so it cannot be the goal.
• C) constructionConstruction is too broad: it says nothing about how friendly a place is to walking.
• D) walkabilityCorrect. 'Walkability' is the quality of a place that makes it easy and pleasant to walk in, which is what the sentence names.

Respuesta correcta: D) outskirts

• A) heartIncorrect. The heart is the center.
• B) plazaIncorrect. A plaza is a central square.
• C) landmarkIncorrect. A landmark is a recognizable feature.
• D) outskirtsCorrect. The outer edges of a city.

Respuesta correcta: B) were

• A) isIncorrect. Present tense.
• B) wereCorrect. 'Wish + were' for a present hypothetical desire.
• C) wasIncorrect. 'Were' is preferred in formal wishes about the present.
• D) will beIncorrect. Future.

Respuesta correcta: A) optimize

• A) optimizeCorrect. To optimize means to make the best or most effective use of a resource.
• B) ignoreIncorrect. Smart cities actively use data.
• C) complicatedIncorrect. The goal is to improve, not just complicate.
• D) deleteIncorrect. They use, don't delete, services.

Respuesta correcta: A) would be

• A) would beCorrect. Backshifted from 'will be' to 'would be' in reported speech.
• B) willIncorrect. Backshifted in reported speech.
• C) areIncorrect. Present tense.
• D) have beenIncorrect. Present perfect.

Respuesta correcta: C) sense of community

• A) feeling of isolationIncorrect. The text says 'Despite...', implying a positive despite the density.
• B) lack of connectionIncorrect. Also negative.
• C) sense of communityCorrect. Feeling of belonging to a group.
• D) desire for wealthIncorrect. Unrelated to the social point.