Digital Citizenship

Respuesta correcta: B) Digital citizenship

• A) ConsumptionIncorrect. Consumption is just using; citizenship implies responsibility.
• B) Digital citizenshipCorrect. This is the definition of the term.
• C) HackingIncorrect. Hacking is usually irresponsible or illegal.
• D) PrivacyIncorrect. Privacy is a part of digital citizenship, not the whole thing.

Respuesta correcta: C) is kept

• A) keep"Keep" is the plain form and is the active voice; the advice is about the information being kept secure, not about the users doing the keeping directly in this clause.
• B) keeps"Keeps" has an -s ending for a third person singular subject; the subject here is the uncountable "information" inside a that-clause, which needs "is kept".
• C) is keptCorrect. Present simple passive for a general requirement.
• D) being keptIncorrect. Gerund.

Respuesta correcta: B) had been

• A) wereIncorrect. This would be a present state.
• B) had beenCorrect. Mixed conditional (past action, present result).
• C) have beenIncorrect. Present perfect.
• D) would beIncorrect. 'Would' not used in 'if' clause.

Respuesta correcta: D) harass

• A) promoteIncorrect. Cyberbullying is negative.
• B) supportIncorrect. Opposite meaning.
• C) ignoreIncorrect. It is an active form of harm.
• D) harassCorrect. To harass means to subject to aggressive pressure or intimidation.

Respuesta correcta: A) inequality

• A) inequalityCorrect. Inequality is the state of not being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.
• B) equalityIncorrect. The divide is about *in*equality.
• C) similarityIncorrect. Focuses on the gap.
• D) abundanceIncorrect. One group lacks the technology.

Respuesta correcta: C) Netiquette

• A) SoftwareNetiquette is a code of conduct, not a product; the word that completes the pair is "etiquette".
• B) HardwareIncorrect. Physical parts of a computer.
• C) NetiquetteCorrect. Portmanteau of network and etiquette.
• D) MalwareIncorrect. Harmful software.

Respuesta correcta: B) use

• A) usesIncorrect. Third person singular not used in formal subjunctive.
• B) useCorrect. Subjunctive base form after 'It is vital that...'.
• C) to useIncorrect. Doesn't fit 'that' clause.
• D) usingIncorrect. Gerund.

Respuesta correcta: D) Plagiarism

• A) CitationIncorrect. Citation is giving credit.
• B) InnovationIncorrect. Innovation is creating something new.
• C) CollaborationIncorrect. Collaboration is working together.
• D) PlagiarismCorrect. Plagiarism is academic/creative theft.

Respuesta correcta: D) are being tracked

• A) are trackingIncorrect. Active voice.
• B) were tracked"Were tracked" is the past simple, which would place the tracking at a finished past moment; the tracking described here is still going on.
• C) trackedThe bare past participle "tracked" has no auxiliary and cannot complete the sentence on its own.
• D) are being trackedCorrect. Present continuous passive for an ongoing process.

Respuesta correcta: D) polarize

• A) uniteIncorrect. Polarize is the opposite of unite.
• B) educateIncorrect. Echo chambers often limit education.
• C) simplifyIncorrect. They make social cohesion more complex.
• D) polarizeCorrect. To polarize means to divide into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions.

Respuesta correcta: C) Malware

• A) HardwareIncorrect. Physical components.
• B) FirmwareIncorrect. Permanent software.
• C) MalwareCorrect. Contraction of 'malicious' and 'software'.
• D) FreewareIncorrect. Free software.

Respuesta correcta: A) whose

• A) whoseCorrect. Possessive relative pronoun for 'users' data'.
• B) whoIncorrect. Subject pronoun.
• C) whichIncorrect. Refers to things.
• D) thatIncorrect. Relative pronoun.

Respuesta correcta: D) permanent

• A) temporaryIncorrect. Digital data is notoriously persistent.
• B) invisibleIncorrect. It can be seen by those with the right access.
• C) privateIncorrect. It's often more public than we realize.
• D) permanentCorrect. Permanent means lasting or intended to last or remain unchanged indefinitely.

Respuesta correcta: B) unless

• A) ifIncorrect. 'If you are sure' would mean don't share if you are sure, which is the opposite.
• B) unlessCorrect. 'Unless' means 'if not'.
• C) althoughIncorrect. Contrast.
• D) whetherIncorrect. Choice between alternatives.

Respuesta correcta: A) digital literacy

• A) digital literacyCorrect. Digital literacy is the ability to find, evaluate, and communicate information through various digital platforms.
• B) distractionIncorrect. Literacy is a help, not a distraction.
• C) isolation"Isolation" is the opposite of what an essay on digital ethics argues for; literacy connects people to information and to each other.
• D) aggression"Aggression" describes hostile behaviour, the opposite of the careful, informed use of digital tools that the author praises.

Respuesta correcta: D) Phishing

• A) FishingIncorrect spelling for this context.
• B) Shopping"Shopping" is the activity of buying things; it has nothing to do with deceiving people online for their passwords.
• C) Blogging"Blogging" is writing posts on a blog; it is not a fraudulent method of stealing credentials.
• D) PhishingCorrect. Specific term for this type of cybercrime.

Respuesta correcta: C) hadn't commented

• A) don't commentIncorrect. Present.
• B) didn't commentIncorrect. Present hypothetical.
• C) hadn't commentedCorrect. 'Wish + past perfect' for past regret.
• D) wouldn't commentIncorrect. Future.

Respuesta correcta: D) Open-source

• A) PrivateIncorrect. Private software hides code.
• B) ExpensiveIncorrect. It's often free, but the key is the code access.
• C) EncryptedIncorrect. Encryption hides meaning.
• D) Open-sourceCorrect. The code is open for all to see and edit.

Respuesta correcta: A) were becoming

• A) were becomingCorrect. Backshifted from 'are' to 'were' in reported speech.
• B) are becomingIncorrect. Backshifted in reported speech.
• C) have becomeIncorrect. Present perfect.
• D) will becomeIncorrect. Future.

Respuesta correcta: A) empowerment

• A) empowermentCorrect. Empowerment means the process of becoming stronger and more confident.
• B) exploitationIncorrect. Exploitation is harmful.
• C) restrictionIncorrect. Restriction limits knowledge.
• D) stagnationIncorrect. Advancement is the opposite of stagnation.