Conflict Resolution

Respuesta correcta: A) Mediation

• A) MediationCorrect. Process involving a neutral third party.
• B) CombatIncorrect. Combat is fighting.
• C) ArgumentIncorrect. Arguments often cause the need for mediation.
• D) SilenceIncorrect. Mediation involves communication.

Respuesta correcta: A) have been ongoing

• A) have been ongoingCorrect. Present perfect continuous for an action starting in the past and continuing.
• B) are ongoingIncorrect. Present continuous.
• C) were ongoingIncorrect. Past continuous.
• D) will be ongoingIncorrect. Future.

Respuesta correcta: B) were

• A) areIncorrect. First conditional.
• B) wereCorrect. Second conditional for a hypothetical present change.
• C) had beenIncorrect. Third conditional.
• D) would beIncorrect. 'Would' not used in 'if' clause.

Respuesta correcta: A) heard

• A) heardCorrect. The goal of active listening is to make the speaker feel heard.
• B) ignored'Ignored' means the listener failed to pay attention, which defeats the whole purpose of the technique.
• C) judgedIncorrect. Active listening should be non-judgmental.
• D) silenced'Silenced' means the listener stopped the speaker from talking, the opposite of making that speaker feel heard.

Respuesta correcta: B) compromise

• A) one-sidedIncorrect. Win-win is for everyone.
• B) compromiseCorrect. An agreement reached by each side making concessions.
• C) victoryIncorrect. Victory often implies a winner and a loser.
• D) stalemateIncorrect. A stalemate is a situation where no progress can be made.

Respuesta correcta: D) treaty

• A) fightA fight is the armed clash itself, not the written agreement made to end it; 'fight' also takes no formal object such as 'a treaty'.
• B) rumorIncorrect. Informal.
• C) protestIncorrect. Expression of objection.
• D) treatyCorrect. Formal international agreement.

Respuesta correcta: A) are being discussed

• A) are being discussedCorrect. Present continuous passive for an ongoing process.
• B) are discussing'Are discussing' is active, so the legal teams would have to be the subject, but the sentence makes the terms the thing being discussed.
• C) discussedIncorrect. Past simple.
• D) have discussed'Have discussed' is an active present perfect, which would mean the teams already finished this week's talks.

Respuesta correcta: B) De-escalation

• A) AggravationIncorrect. Making things worse.
• B) De-escalationCorrect. The act of making something less intense or dangerous.
• C) PromotionIncorrect. Making things grow.
• D) IgnoranceIncorrect. Not paying attention.

Respuesta correcta: B) had reached

• A) have reachedIncorrect. Backshifted in reported speech.
• B) had reachedCorrect. Backshifted from present perfect to past perfect.
• C) reachIncorrect. Present tense.
• D) will reachIncorrect. Future.

Respuesta correcta: A) hinder

• A) hinderCorrect. To hinder means to create difficulties for someone or something.
• B) promoteIncorrect. It makes it harder.
• C) accelerateIncorrect. It slows things down.
• D) ignoreIncorrect. It active prevents progress.

Respuesta correcta: B) Empathy

• A) HatredHatred is a strong dislike, and it would block a mediator from seeing any other side's point of view.
• B) EmpathyCorrect. The ability to understand others' feelings.
• C) GreedGreed is a selfish desire for more, which is the opposite of the concern for others this definition describes.
• D) ApathyApathy is a lack of interest in the matter, whereas the definition stresses actively understanding every perspective.

Respuesta correcta: A) will have been established

• A) will have been establishedCorrect. Future perfect passive for a completed state in the future.
• B) will establishIncorrect. Active voice.
• C) establishesIncorrect. Present tense.
• D) establishingIncorrect. Gerund.

Respuesta correcta: A) Reconciliation

• A) ReconciliationCorrect. The process of healing relationships.
• B) AggressionAggression is hostile behaviour that damages relations, so it is the opposite of the healing this term names.
• C) SeparationIncorrect. Often the opposite of reconciliation.
• D) CompetitionCompetition sets parties against each other to win, which continues the division instead of repairing it.

Respuesta correcta: D) had communicated

• A) didn't communicateIncorrect. Second conditional.
• B) communicateIncorrect. Present.
• C) were communicatingIncorrect. Past continuous.
• D) had communicatedCorrect. Third conditional for hypothetical past.

Respuesta correcta: C) necessary

• A) secondaryIncorrect. It's a primary requirement.
• B) unnecessaryIncorrect. The author says it's necessary.
• C) necessaryCorrect. Essential for the result.
• D) accidentalIncorrect. It's a deliberate act.

Respuesta correcta: D) neutral

• A) biasedIncorrect. Taking a side.
• B) hostileHostile means unfriendly and ready to fight, which is the opposite of staying out of the dispute.
• C) activeIncorrect. While they can be active in the process, 'neutral' refers specifically to side-taking.
• D) neutralCorrect. Neutral is the exact term for someone who takes no side in the argument, so it matches the definition word for word.

Respuesta correcta: D) would stop

• A) stopIncorrect. Need 'would' for a desired change in others' behavior.
• B) stoppedIncorrect. 'Wish + past' is for present state desires.
• C) have stoppedIncorrect. Past regret.
• D) would stopCorrect. 'Wish + would' for a change in a situation or behavior.

Respuesta correcta: D) binding

• A) optionalIncorrect. Binding is the opposite of optional.
• B) secretIncorrect. Usually formal and recorded.
• C) ignoredIncorrect. If it's binding, it can't be ignored without consequences.
• D) bindingCorrect. Binding means that it must be obeyed.

Respuesta correcta: D) had been building

• A) was buildingIncorrect. Past continuous.
• B) has been buildingIncorrect. Present perfect continuous.
• C) buildsIncorrect. Present simple.
• D) had been buildingCorrect. Past perfect continuous for duration before a past event.

Respuesta correcta: D) bridging

• A) creatingIncorrect. We want to solve divides, not create them.
• B) ignoringIncorrect. Dialogue requires engagement.
• C) reinforcingIncorrect. Reinforcing a divide makes it worse.
• D) bridgingCorrect. To bridge a divide means to connect two different groups.