Global Trade

Respuesta correcta: C) Tariffs

• A) DividendsIncorrect. Dividends are payments to shareholders.
• B) SubsidiesIncorrect. Subsidies are payments from a government to support a business.
• C) TariffsCorrect. Specific term for import taxes.
• D) RevenuesIncorrect. Total income.

Respuesta correcta: A) has been increasing

• A) has been increasingCorrect. Present perfect continuous for an ongoing trend starting in the past.
• B) increasesIncorrect. Present simple.
• C) increasedIncorrect. Past simple.
• D) will increaseIncorrect. Simple future.

Respuesta correcta: A) hadn't been signed

• A) hadn't been signedCorrect. Third conditional for hypothetical past.
• B) wasn't signedIncorrect. Second conditional.
• C) isn't signedIncorrect. Present.
• D) wouldn't be signedIncorrect. 'Would' not in 'if' clause.

Respuesta correcta: C) efficiently

• A) slowlyIncorrect. Trade advantage usually implies being better/faster.
• B) rarelyComparative advantage is about doing a task more efficiently, and how often something happens says nothing about efficiency.
• C) efficientlyCorrect. Efficiency is the key to comparative advantage.
• D) expensivelyIncorrect. Efficiency usually reduces costs.

Respuesta correcta: A) restrict

• A) restrictCorrect. To restrict means to put a limit on.
• B) promoteIncorrect. Protectionism restricts trade.
• C) ignoreIncorrect. It is an active policy.
• D) financeIncorrect. While it might involve subsidies, 'restrict' is the core function described.

Respuesta correcta: B) Logistics

• A) Gossip"Gossip" is casual talk about other people's private lives, not the coordination of moving goods and supplies.
• B) LogisticsCorrect. Fundamental term for supply chain management.
• C) Fiction"Fiction" is an invented story; logistics is the real operational work behind a supply chain.
• D) Ritual"Ritual" is a set of fixed ceremonies or habits, which has nothing to do with coordinating facilities and supplies.

Respuesta correcta: A) are being explored

• A) are being exploredCorrect. Present continuous passive for an ongoing development.
• B) are exploring"Are exploring" is the active voice and would make the routes the thing doing the exploring; here it is the routes that receive the exploration.
• C) exploredIncorrect. Past simple.
• D) have explored"Have explored" is active and perfect; the exploration described is still going on, and the routes are what is being explored.

Respuesta correcta: A) system

• A) systemCorrect. A set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network.
• B) fragmentIncorrect. A chain is a whole system.
• C) barrierIncorrect. The chain facilitates the flow.
• D) isolationIncorrect. The chain connects different entities.

Respuesta correcta: C) had caused

• A) causedIncorrect. Past simple doesn't show sequence as well here.
• B) has causedIncorrect. Present perfect.
• C) had causedCorrect. Past perfect for an action before another past action.
• D) causesIncorrect. Present tense.

Respuesta correcta: C) equitable

• A) cheapIncorrect. 'Equitable' means fair, not necessarily cheap.
• B) randomIncorrect. Prices should be systematic.
• C) equitableCorrect. Equitable means fair and impartial.
• D) hiddenIncorrect. Transparency is key to fair trade.

Respuesta correcta: C) Outsourcing

• A) HiringIncorrect. Too broad.
• B) InvestingIncorrect. Putting money into something.
• C) OutsourcingCorrect. Specific term for moving functions outside the company.
• D) MarketingIncorrect. Promoting products.

Respuesta correcta: A) will have been fully implemented

• A) will have been fully implementedCorrect. Future perfect passive for a completed state in the future.
• B) will implementIncorrect. Active voice.
• C) implementedIncorrect. Past.
• D) is implementedIncorrect. Present.

Respuesta correcta: C) exceed

• A) matchIncorrect. This would be a balance.
• B) follow"Follow" means to come after, which would describe exports coming after imports, not exceeding them.
• C) exceedCorrect. To exceed means to be greater in number or size than.
• D) ignore"Ignore" means to pay no attention to; a deficit is defined by comparing the two figures, not disregarding one.

Respuesta correcta: A) were

• A) wereCorrect. Second conditional for a hypothetical change.
• B) areIncorrect. First conditional.
• C) had beenIncorrect. Third conditional.
• D) would beIncorrect. 'Would' not in 'if' clause.

Respuesta correcta: D) reducing

• A) increasingIncorrect. Digital trade aims to make things cheaper.
• B) ignoringIncorrect. Digital trade actively changes the cost.
• C) complicatesIncorrect. While systems are complex, the goal is efficiency.
• D) reducingCorrect. Reducing means making smaller or less in amount.

Respuesta correcta: A) Subsidy

• A) SubsidyCorrect. Money given BY the government.
• B) TaxIncorrect. Money paid TO the government.
• C) LoanIncorrect. Must be paid back.
• D) FineA fine is a punishment a company pays for breaking the law, whereas a subsidy is money the state gives it in support.

Respuesta correcta: B) would end

• A) endsIncorrect. 'Wish' for future change needs 'would'.
• B) would endCorrect. 'Wish + would' for a desired change in a situation.
• C) endedIncorrect. 'Wish + past' for present state desire.
• D) have endedIncorrect. Past regret.

Respuesta correcta: A) externalized

• A) externalizedCorrect. Costs not reflected in the price.
• B) internalIncorrect. Externalized means passed to others (society/nature).
• C) matchingCosts are externalized when they are pushed onto society or the environment instead of appearing in the price, so they are not matched.
• D) hiddenIncorrect. While they are often hidden, 'externalized' is the technical term.

Respuesta correcta: C) had grown

• A) has grownIncorrect. Backshifted in reported speech.
• B) is growingIncorrect. Present tense.
• C) had grownCorrect. Backshifted from past simple or present perfect.
• D) will growIncorrect. Future.

Respuesta correcta: C) equitable

• A) greedyA system built on greed distributes its benefits unfairly, while the sentence asks for one that is equitable.
• B) isolatedIncorrect. Trade requires connection.
• C) equitableCorrect. Fair and impartial.
• D) fragileIncorrect. We want resilience, the opposite of fragility.