Global Governance

Respuesta correcta: C) Global governance

• A) AnarchyIncorrect. Global governance aims to prevent anarchy.
• B) DictatorshipIncorrect. This refers to absolute rule by one.
• C) Global governanceCorrect. The term for managing global issues through cooperation.
• D) IsolationismIncorrect. The opposite of cooperation.

Respuesta correcta: C) are being developed

• A) are developing'Are developing' is active, so the subject would have to be the states drafting the laws, but the sentence makes the laws the thing being drafted.
• B) developedIncorrect. Past simple.
• C) are being developedCorrect. Present continuous passive for an ongoing legislative process.
• D) have developed'Have developed' is an active present perfect that would mean the laws are already finished, losing the sense of a process still under way.

Respuesta correcta: A) hadn't been founded

• A) hadn't been foundedCorrect. Third conditional for hypothetical past condition.
• B) wasn't foundedIncorrect. Second conditional.
• C) isn't foundedIncorrect. Present.
• D) wouldn't be foundedIncorrect. 'Would' not used in 'if' clause.

Respuesta correcta: C) prosecute

• A) ignoreIncorrect. The ICC exists to take action.
• B) supportIncorrect. The ICC aims to punish crimes, not support perpetrators.
• C) prosecuteCorrect. To prosecute means to institute legal proceedings against a person.
• D) celebrateIncorrect. Unrelated to the legal function.

Respuesta correcta: A) Multilateralism

• A) MultilateralismCorrect. Specific term for multi-country cooperation.
• B) UnilateralismIncorrect. Unilateralism is one country acting alone.
• C) BilateralismIncorrect. Bilateralism involves only two countries.
• D) IsolationismIncorrect. Avoids international cooperation.

Respuesta correcta: A) health

• A) healthCorrect. The core focus of the WHO.
• B) tradeIncorrect. This is the WTO.
• C) climateIncorrect. While related, health is the primary mandate.
• D) educationIncorrect. This is usually UNESCO's role.

Respuesta correcta: D) be reformed

• A) is reformedIncorrect. Subjunctive uses base form 'be'.
• B) to be reformedIncorrect. Doesn't fit 'that' clause.
• C) being reformedThe -ing form is used with a passive auxiliary, as in 'is being reformed'. After 'it is suggested that' English needs the bare subjunctive, which puts no auxiliary in front at all.
• D) be reformedCorrect. Subjunctive passive after 'suggested'.

Respuesta correcta: D) consensus

• A) conflictIncorrect. Negotiations aim to resolve conflict.
• B) divisionIncorrect. Consensus overcomes division.
• C) rumorA rumor is unverified talk that spreads by word of mouth, whereas consensus is an agreement reached after discussion.
• D) consensusCorrect. A general agreement.

Respuesta correcta: D) had been working

• A) were workingIncorrect. Past continuous.
• B) have been workingIncorrect. Present perfect continuous.
• C) workIncorrect. Present simple.
• D) had been workingCorrect. Past perfect continuous for duration leading up to a past event.

Respuesta correcta: C) bureaucracy

• A) speedIncorrect. Bureaucracy usually slows things down.
• B) efficiencyIncorrect. Bureaucracy is often seen as the opposite of efficiency.
• C) bureaucracyCorrect. A system of government in which most decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.
• D) creativityCreativity is the ability to produce new ideas, and it is what critics say institutions lack, not what slows them down.

Respuesta correcta: A) Sanctions

• A) SanctionsCorrect. Specific term for international penalties.
• B) GiftsA gift is something given freely with no penalty attached, whereas a sanction punishes the state or individual it is applied to.
• C) AwardsIncorrect. Sanctions are punishments.
• D) SubsidiesIncorrect. Financial support.

Respuesta correcta: A) will have been established

• A) will have been establishedCorrect. Future perfect passive for a completed state in the future.
• B) will establishIncorrect. Active voice.
• C) is establishedIncorrect. Present simple.
• D) establishingIncorrect. Gerund.

Respuesta correcta: A) legitimacy

• A) legitimacyCorrect. Legitimacy is the popular acceptance of an authority.
• B) wealthIncorrect. Authority is not just based on money.
• C) isolationIncorrect. Negative for institutions.
• D) secrecyIncorrect. Transparency usually increases legitimacy.

Respuesta correcta: C) hadn't been handled

• A) wasn't handledIncorrect. Second conditional.
• B) hasn't been handledIncorrect. Present perfect.
• C) hadn't been handledCorrect. Third conditional passive for hypothetical past.
• D) isn't handledIncorrect. Present.

Respuesta correcta: A) norms

• A) normsCorrect. International norms are informal standard of behavior.
• B) unimportantCalling norms unimportant denies the whole conclusion, which claims they influence behaviour as strongly as written law.
• C) rumorsIncorrect. Informal but not standard.
• D) slogansA slogan is a short phrase for advertising; a norm is an unwritten standard that actually guides behaviour.

Respuesta correcta: A) envoy

• A) envoyCorrect. Formal term for a mission-specific representative.
• B) touristA tourist travels for pleasure and pays for their own trip, not as an official representative of a government.
• C) spyA spy works secretly to gather intelligence for a secret service, whereas an envoy works openly on an announced mission.
• D) refugeeA refugee flees their country to seek protection, which is the opposite of being sent out on a diplomatic mission.

Respuesta correcta: C) would cooperate

• A) cooperateIncorrect. 'Wish' for future change needs 'would'.
• B) cooperatedIncorrect. Present state desire.
• C) would cooperateCorrect. 'Wish + would' for a desired change in others' behavior.
• D) have cooperatedIncorrect. Past regret.

Respuesta correcta: B) public

• A) privateIncorrect. Private goods are for individuals.
• B) publicCorrect. Public goods are non-excludable and non-rivalrous.
• C) commercialIncorrect. Focuses on profit.
• D) expensiveIncorrect. While they have value, 'public' is the economic term.

Respuesta correcta: A) would be

• A) would beCorrect. Backshifted from 'will be' to 'would be' in reported speech.
• B) willIncorrect. Backshifted in reported speech.
• C) isIncorrect. Present.
• D) have been'Have been' is the present perfect and cannot be backshifted; reporting what someone said moves the tense of 'will be' to 'would be'.

Respuesta correcta: C) framework

• A) distractionIncorrect. Necessary implies it's essential, not a distraction.
• B) source of conflictIncorrect. It aims to reduce conflict.
• C) frameworkCorrect. A framework is a basic structure underlying a system.
• D) barrier to tradeIncorrect. It often facilitates trade.