Global Leadership

Respuesta correcta: B) Visionary

• A) Reactive'Reactive' means acting after events happen, whereas the sentence describes imagining and planning ahead.
• B) VisionaryCorrect. 'Visionary' means using imagination to think about and plan a better future, which is what the definition describes.
• C) Passive'Passive' means not taking action, the opposite of planning for a future.
• D) Conventional'Conventional' means following usual and expected ways, without imagination or novelty.

Respuesta correcta: C) have been working

• A) are workingIncorrect. Present continuous.
• B) workedIncorrect. Past simple.
• C) have been workingCorrect. Present perfect continuous for an ongoing effort.
• D) will workIncorrect. Future.

Respuesta correcta: B) had acted

• A) actedIncorrect. Second conditional.
• B) had actedCorrect. Third conditional for hypothetical past.
• C) have actedIncorrect. Present perfect.
• D) would actIncorrect. 'Would' not in 'if' clause.

Respuesta correcta: D) serve

• A) ignore'Control' means to direct others strictly; a servant leader supports them instead.
• B) control'Exploit' means to use people unfairly for one's own gain, the opposite of serving.
• C) exploitCorrect. 'Serve' means to meet the needs of others, and that is the stated goal of servant leadership.
• D) serve'Ignore' means to pay no attention to, which is the opposite of serving a team's needs.

Respuesta correcta: A) by example

• A) by exampleCorrect. Leading by example means showing others how to behave through your own actions.
• B) by accidentIncorrect. It should be intentional.
• C) by forceIncorrect. Ethical leadership is based on values, not coercion.
• D) in secretIncorrect. Ethics usually requires transparency.

Respuesta correcta: D) diplomat

• A) pilotA 'pilot' flies an aircraft and does not represent a country abroad.
• B) touristA 'tourist' travels for pleasure and has no official role.
• C) refugeeA 'refugee' is someone forced to leave their country and seeks protection, not a representative.
• D) diplomatCorrect. A 'diplomat' is the official who formally represents a state and negotiates on its behalf.

Respuesta correcta: B) are being adopted

• A) are adopting'Are adopting' is the active voice and would make the models do the adopting.
• B) are being adoptedCorrect. Present continuous passive for an ongoing organizational change.
• C) adoptedIncorrect. Past simple.
• D) have adopted'Have adopted' is the Present Perfect active, which would again make the models the agents of the action.

Respuesta correcta: A) Charismatic

• A) CharismaticCorrect. 'Charismatic' means having a compelling personal charm that inspires devotion and motivates others.
• B) boring'Boring' means dull and uninteresting, which cannot inspire or motivate anyone.
• C) Passive'Passive' means uninvolved, so it cannot lead through personality.
• D) Indifferent'Indifferent' means unconcerned, the opposite of inspiring others.

Respuesta correcta: D) had reached

• A) has reached'Has reached' keeps the present perfect, but reported speech about a past announcement needs the tense backshifted.
• B) reach'Will reach' is future, but the agreement was already reached before the announcement.
• C) will reachCorrect. 'Had reached' is the past perfect, the correct backshift of 'has reached' in reported speech.
• D) had reached'Reach' is the base form and cannot stand alone in that reported past statement.

Respuesta correcta: C) Authoritarianism

• A) DemocracyIncorrect. Characterized by freedom.
• B) LiberalismIncorrect. Focuses on individual freedom.
• C) AuthoritarianismCorrect. Characterized by central power and restricted freedom.
• D) AnarchyIncorrect. Lack of central power.

Respuesta correcta: C) Integrity

• A) Greed'Greed' is a selfish desire for more, the opposite of honesty.
• B) WealthCorrect. 'Integrity' means being honest and holding strong moral principles, which is what the sentence defines.
• C) Integrity'Wealth' is money and property, not a moral quality.
• D) Power'Power' is influence over others, but the quality described here is honesty, not authority.

Respuesta correcta: A) will have been finalized

• A) will have been finalizedCorrect. Future perfect passive for a completed state in the future.
• B) will finalizeIncorrect. Active voice.
• C) is finalizedIncorrect. Present.
• D) finalizingIncorrect. Gerund.

Respuesta correcta: C) collaboration

• A) isolation'Competition' is rivalry between parties, and competing nations cannot lead effectively together.
• B) competition'Secrecy' means hiding information, which works against coordination between nations.
• C) collaboration'Isolation' means keeping separate, the opposite of working together.
• D) secrecyCorrect. 'Collaboration' means working together on a shared goal, which is what effective global leadership requires.

Respuesta correcta: B) showed

• A) showIncorrect. First conditional.
• B) showedCorrect. Second conditional for a hypothetical change.
• C) had shownIncorrect. Third conditional.
• D) would showIncorrect. 'Would' not in 'if' clause.

Respuesta correcta: D) adaptive

• A) rigid'Simple' is wrong because the sentence calls the challenges complex.
• B) simple'Accidental' means happening by chance, and leadership is deliberate rather than lucky.
• C) accidentalCorrect. 'Adaptive' means able to adjust to new conditions, which is what unpredictable challenges require.
• D) adaptive'Rigid' means fixed and unwilling to change, and the challenges described are unpredictable.

Respuesta correcta: D) Mediator

• A) FighterA 'fighter' escalates the conflict rather than resolving it.
• B) JudgeA 'spy' gathers secret information for another party, which is not neutral.
• C) SpyCorrect. A 'mediator' is a neutral go-between who helps those in conflict reach an agreement themselves.
• D) MediatorA 'judge' imposes a decision, while a mediator helps the parties themselves agree.

Respuesta correcta: C) were

• A) areIncorrect. Present.
• B) wasIncorrect. 'Were' preferred in formal speech.
• C) wereCorrect. 'Wish + were' for a present hypothetical desire.
• D) will beIncorrect. Future.

Respuesta correcta: C) persuasion

• A) ForceIncorrect. This is 'hard power'.
• B) threatsIncorrect. Soft power avoids threats.
• C) persuasionCorrect. To persuade is to convince someone to do something through reasoning or argument.
• D) bribesIncorrect. Unethical and usually hard power (economic).

Respuesta correcta: C) would

• A) will'Will' is the direct form used in the original promise, but reported speech about a past promise needs 'would'.
• B) shouldCorrect. In reported speech a past 'will' becomes 'would', which is what the sentence uses.
• C) would'Should' expresses advice or obligation rather than a future commitment.
• D) can'Can' expresses possibility or ability, not a promise about a budget.

Respuesta correcta: A) wisdom

• A) wisdom'Greed' is a selfish desire for gain, which is a fault rather than a virtue.
• B) greed'Ignorance' means lack of knowledge, and the sentence calls for knowledge.
• C) ignorance'Speed' means acting fast, which is helpful but not the quality the sentence names.
• D) speedCorrect. 'Wisdom' means sound judgment founded on knowledge and experience, which the future of the planet depends on.