Final Review

Respuesta correcta: B) Metaphor

• A) FactA "fact" is something true that can be verified; a metaphor is a non-literal figure of speech, which is not verifiable as a statement.
• B) MetaphorCorrect. Non-literal comparison.
• C) ReviewA "review" is an evaluation of a work or a product; the figure of speech described is a metaphor.
• D) DraftA "draft" is a first version of a text; the definition given describes a metaphor, a way of speaking.

Respuesta correcta: A) will have been implemented

• A) will have been implementedCorrect. Future perfect passive for a completed state.
• B) will implementIncorrect. Active voice.
• C) implementedIncorrect. Past.
• D) have been implementedIncorrect. Present perfect.

Respuesta correcta: D) hadn't moved

• A) didn't moveIncorrect. Second conditional.
• B) hasn't movedIncorrect. Present perfect.
• C) wouldn't moveIncorrect. 'Would' not in 'if' clause.
• D) hadn't movedCorrect. Third conditional for hypothetical past.

Respuesta correcta: C) Fact-checking

• A) SensationalismIncorrect. Focuses on shock value.
• B) PlagiarismIncorrect. Theft of work.
• C) Fact-checkingCorrect. Essential journalistic process.
• D) SlanderIncorrect. Spoken defamation.

Respuesta correcta: C) grassroots

• A) top-downIncorrect. Grassroots is bottom-up.
• B) corporateIncorrect. Run by businesses.
• C) grassrootsCorrect. Community-based movements.
• D) elitistIncorrect. Run by a powerful few.

Respuesta correcta: D) Legislation

• A) SuggestionA "suggestion" is an informal proposal with no binding force; legislation is a law passed officially.
• B) RumorA "rumor" is unverified talk that spreads by word of mouth; a law is approved in a formal procedure.
• C) TraditionA "tradition" is a custom passed down over generations; legislation is written and enacted by a government.
• D) LegislationCorrect. Formal term for laws.

Respuesta correcta: B) are being developed

• A) are developing"Are developing" is active and would make the countries the ones doing the work; here the standards are what is being developed.
• B) are being developedCorrect. Present continuous passive for an ongoing process.
• C) developedIncorrect. Past simple.
• D) have developed"Have developed" is active and perfect; the standards are still being drafted, so the present continuous passive is correct.

Respuesta correcta: A) Pluralism

• A) PluralismCorrect. Coexistence of diverse groups.
• B) Isolation"Isolation" is the opposite of coexistence; pluralism exists precisely because several groups live side by side.
• C) UniformityIncorrect. Being the same.
• D) Stagnation"Stagnation" means a lack of change or growth; pluralism describes active coexistence of different groups.

Respuesta correcta: A) was

• A) wasCorrect. Backshifted from 'is' to 'was' after 'argued'.
• B) isIncorrect. Backshifted in reported speech.
• C) will beIncorrect. Future.
• D) have been"Have been" would place the empathy in the past, while the leader is arguing about what modern governance needs now.

Respuesta correcta: B) critical thinking

• A) rote memorizationIncorrect. CURRICULUM focuses on higher skills.
• B) critical thinkingCorrect. The objective analysis and evaluation of an issue.
• C) total isolationIncorrect. Curriculum focuses on global connection.
• D) simple answersIncorrect. The themes were complex.

Respuesta correcta: B) Protagonist

• A) AntagonistIncorrect. The opponent.
• B) ProtagonistCorrect. The main character.
• C) ExtraIncorrect. Minor character.
• D) CriticIncorrect. Evaluates the work.

Respuesta correcta: D) would take

• A) takeIncorrect. 'Wish' for situation change needs 'would'.
• B) tookIncorrect. Present state desire.
• C) have takenIncorrect. Past regret.
• D) would takeCorrect. 'Wish + would' for a desired change in behavior.

Respuesta correcta: B) Integrity

• A) Greed"Greed" is wanting more for oneself regardless of others; integrity is holding firm to moral principles.
• B) IntegrityCorrect. Core moral quality.
• C) Fame"Fame" is public reputation; integrity is about honesty and principles you refuse to change.
• D) Speed"Speed" is how fast something happens; it has no bearing on honesty or moral strength.

Respuesta correcta: C) had been declining

• A) was decliningIncorrect. Past continuous.
• B) has been decliningIncorrect. Present perfect continuous.
• C) had been decliningCorrect. Past perfect continuous for duration leading to a past point.
• D) declinesWith the present perfect continuous "had been declining" already in place, the simple present would restart the timeline and break the aspect.

Respuesta correcta: D) transcend

• A) followIncorrect. We want to go beyond them.
• B) ignoreIncorrect. We must recognize them to transcend them.
• C) createTo transcend biases means to rise above them, whereas "create" would mean producing new ones.
• D) transcendCorrect. To go beyond or rise above.

Respuesta correcta: C) Resilience

• A) Fragility"Fragility" is the opposite of bouncing back from a setback; resilience is defined precisely as that capacity.
• B) Apathy"Apathy" is a lack of interest or care; resilience requires adapting actively to hard circumstances.
• C) ResilienceCorrect. Psychological strength.
• D) Envy"Envy" is resentment of what others have; it is unrelated to recovering from setbacks.

Respuesta correcta: B) listen

• A) listens"Listens" has an -s ending for a third person singular subject, but the subject here is the plural "all parties".
• B) listenCorrect. Subjunctive base form after 'vital'.
• C) to listen"To listen" is an infinitive; after "it is vital that" the subjunctive takes the bare base form with no "to".
• D) listeningA gerund needs its own auxiliary; after "it is vital that" the base form "listen" is used.

Respuesta correcta: B) Gentrification

• A) UrbanizationIncorrect. Broad term.
• B) GentrificationCorrect. Specific sociological term.
• C) Ruralization"Ruralization" describes population moving to the countryside, the opposite of the urban renovation the term refers to.
• D) Isolation"Isolation" means being separated; gentrification is the opposite, an influx that transforms a district.

Respuesta correcta: C) is getting used to

• A) used toIncorrect. Past habit.
• B) uses to"Uses to" is not an English construction; the correct forms are "used to" for a past habit and "is getting used to" for an ongoing process.
• C) is getting used toCorrect. Ongoing process of adaptation.
• D) get used to"Get used to" is a bare infinitive and needs an auxiliary plus the -ing form of "get" to build the present continuous.

Respuesta correcta: A) empowers

• A) empowersCorrect. Gives the power or authority to do something.
• B) confusesIncorrect. Goal is clarity.
• C) isolatesIncorrect. Goal is connection.
• D) ignoresIncorrect. Goal is engagement.