Review P1

Respuesta correcta: C) exacerbate

• A) alleviateIncorrect. 'Alleviate' means to make something less severe, which is the opposite of what's needed.
• B) mitigateIncorrect. 'Mitigate' means to make something less severe, which doesn't fit the negative consequence implied.
• C) exacerbateCorrect. 'Exacerbate' means to make a problem or bad situation worse, which fits perfectly here.
• D) facilitateIncorrect. 'Facilitate' means to make an action or process easy or easier, which is not appropriate for a social divide.

Respuesta correcta: B) undermine

• A) corroborate'Corroborate' means to confirm a claim with supporting evidence, and selecting a sample after seeing results removes independence rather than providing it. The word names the opposite of what the procedure does.
• B) undermine'Undermine' means to weaken the strength of a claim or conclusion, which is exactly what a sample chosen with knowledge of the outcome does. The clause 'every conclusion drawn from it' tells the student the target is the reasoning, not the data itself.
• C) streamline'Streamline' means to make a process more efficient by removing waste, and nothing in the sentence concerns efficiency. The issue is the soundness of a conclusion, not the neatness of a method.
• D) extrapolate'Extrapolate' is a verb for projecting a trend beyond the data, and it cannot take 'validity' as its object in this sense. The blank needs something that acts on the strength of a conclusion.

Respuesta correcta: D) in effect

• A) in theory'In theory' would set the outcome apart from practice, and the sentence says the opposite: the third reader is genuinely required because the disagreement is real, not merely formal.
• B) on balance'On balance' introduces a weighing of considerations, and the sentence describes a clash between two readings of one text with no weighing undertaken or completed.
• C) in retrospect'In retrospect' means looking back, and nothing in the sentence indicates a later reconsideration. The third reader is needed at the moment the examiners disagree, not afterwards.
• D) in effectThe phrase 'in effect' marks a consequence that follows in practice without anyone announcing it. The disagreement is described as unavoidable given that two examiners read the same essay differently, which is what makes a third reader necessary rather than optional.

Respuesta correcta: B) Although

• A) Because'Because' introduces a cause, whereas the sentence contrasts a longer route with an earlier arrival.
• B) Although'Although' introduces a fact that contrasts with the outcome described in the main clause.
• C) Unless'Unless' introduces a negative condition rather than acknowledging a contrasting fact.
• D) So that'So that' commonly introduces a purpose, not a concession about the route's length.

Respuesta correcta: C) Bogotá's Ciclovía, how it works and why it is valued.

• A) The problems that the Ciclovía causes for car drivers.Cars are mentioned only to say the roads close to them; no problems for drivers are described.
• B) A new law that will close Bogotá's roads every day.The Ciclovía started in 1974 and happens on Sundays and holidays, not every day.
• C) Bogotá's Ciclovía, how it works and why it is valued.The text explains when and where it happens, who uses it, its international influence and its benefits.
• D) The history of cycling competitions in Colombia.The Ciclovía is a recreational space, not a competition, and no races are mentioned.

Respuesta correcta: C) The teacher taught her to be careful about unreliable information.

• A) The teacher studies in Spain with her grandson.The grandson studies in Spain; the teacher is one of the teenage volunteers at the library in Sincelejo.
• B) The teacher thinks older adults should not read news online.The teacher helped her use the phone and gave advice on reading news carefully, not a prohibition.
• C) The teacher taught her to be careful about unreliable information.The advice 'look at the source before believing anything' shows the teacher included media literacy in the lessons.
• D) The teacher is 72 years old.Doña Elvira is 72; the volunteers who teach are teenagers.

Respuesta correcta: C) would have been

• A) will be'Will be' refers to a future result, but this conditional imagines a different outcome in the past.
• B) would have'Would have' must be followed by the past participle 'been' before the adjective 'eligible'.
• C) would have beenA third conditional pairs 'if + past perfect' with 'would have + past participle' for an unreal past result.
• D) had been'Had been' expresses past perfect but does not form the conditional result required after this if-clause.

Respuesta correcta: D) doing very well and growing

• A) closing downIf businesses were closing, the text would not describe the area as one of the most visited places with thousands of tourists.
• B) moving to another cityNothing suggests that businesses are leaving; the text describes activity inside Comuna 13.
• C) receiving government moneyThe text does not mention any government funding for the businesses.
• D) doing very well and growingThousands of tourists every month create many customers, so small businesses are successful and growing.

Respuesta correcta: C) The teacher said that she would return the essays the following day.

• A) The teacher said that she would return the essays tomorrow.In this Wednesday report, 'tomorrow' normally refers to Thursday and therefore shifts the original Tuesday timing.
• B) The teacher said that she had returned the essays the previous day.This turns a promise about Tuesday into a completed action before Monday, changing both tense and timing.
• C) The teacher said that she would return the essays the following day.'Would' reports the earlier future promise, and 'the following day' refers to Tuesday relative to Monday.
• D) The teacher said that she would return the essays the previous day.'The previous day' points to a day before the statement, while the original promise concerned the day after it.

Respuesta correcta: A) To give Lucas practical advice before his trip.

• A) To give Lucas practical advice before his trip.Mariana writes 'A few tips before you arrive' and gives advice about clothes, transport, cash and language.
• B) To invite Lucas to study Spanish in a course.She encourages him to speak Spanish, but she does not invite him to any course.
• C) To complain about the cold weather in Bogotá.She mentions cold nights only to explain why he should bring a jacket; it is advice, not a complaint.
• D) To ask Lucas to bring cash from his country.She tells him to carry cash for small shops in Bogotá, not to bring money from his country.

Respuesta correcta: D) had

• A) hasIncorrect. The sentence refers to a past sequence, requiring the past perfect in inversion.
• B) wasIncorrect. 'Was' does not fit the past perfect structure required by 'Hardly'.
• C) didIncorrect. 'Did' would require the base form of the verb, not the past participle 'been'.
• D) hadCorrect. 'Hardly had...' is a classic C1 inversion structure used for sequential events.

Respuesta correcta: A) did

• A) did'Not until' is a fronted negative that inverts the main clause, and 'did' carries the simple past: 'not until the rubric was revised did the markers agree'. The main verb returns to its base form 'agree'.
• B) had'Had' would form a past perfect and need the participle 'agreed', placing the agreement before another past point. The sentence reports the moment consensus was reached.
• C) might'Might' would present the agreement as a possibility, but the sentence asserts that it happened. The trigger is the revision of the rubric, which is about timing rather than possibility.
• D) must'Must' expresses obligation or deduction about the present, and the clause reports a completed past event. No obligation is stated and no deduction about now is available.

Respuesta correcta: A) did

• A) did'Only after' fronted inverts the main clause, and 'did' carries the simple past: 'only after the report arrived did the department decide'. The main verb returns to its base form 'decide'.
• B) had'Had' would form a past perfect and need the participle 'decided', placing the decision before another past point. The sentence describes the decision as an event following the report.
• C) would'Would' belongs to a conditional or reported structure, and neither is present here. The clause states a completed past decision that took a finite past auxiliary.
• D) should'Should' expresses obligation or expectation directed at the present or future, and the decision in the sentence is already made and past. Nothing in the clause looks forward.

Respuesta correcta: A) does

• A) does'Seldom' inverts the clause, and 'does' carries the present with the singular subject 'a review panel'. The main verb 'reach' stays in its base form, as it must after 'does'.
• B) do'Do' is the plural auxiliary, but the subject 'a review panel' is singular. The inversion has moved that subject to the right of the auxiliary without altering its number.
• C) did'Did' would put the observation in the past simple, but the sentence describes what review panels in general do. A recurring present pattern takes the simple present under inversion.
• D) had'Had' would form a past perfect and require the participle 'reached', placing the decision before another past point. The clause makes a general claim about how panels work.

Respuesta correcta: D) The school maintained its hours despite a situation that might have prompted a change.

• A) The crowded room directly caused the school to extend its hours.The text says the hours remained unchanged, and 'nevertheless' marks contrast rather than that claimed result.
• B) The unchanged hours happened before the room became crowded.'Nevertheless' does not establish a before-and-after sequence; it connects contrasting propositions.
• C) The second sentence gives a definition of the word 'crowded'.The second sentence describes a school decision and does not explain the meaning of 'crowded'.
• D) The school maintained its hours despite a situation that might have prompted a change.'Nevertheless' signals that the decision contrasts with the expectation created by the room's heavy use.

Respuesta correcta: A) does

• A) does'Rarely' fronted inverts the clause, and 'does' carries the present with the singular subject 'a moderation meeting'. The main verb 'conclude' stays in its base form, as it must after 'does'.
• B) do'Do' is the plural auxiliary, but the subject 'a moderation meeting' is singular. The inversion has displaced that subject without changing its number, which is where the error usually creeps in.
• C) did'Did' would place the observation in the past simple, but the sentence describes what moderation meetings in general do. A recurring present pattern takes the simple present under inversion.
• D) had'Had' would form a past perfect and require the participle 'concluded', placing the meeting before another past point. Nothing in the clause supplies that earlier reference time.

Respuesta correcta: D) The current strategy is directed towards the wrong objective.

• A) They are literally looking for something in the trees of Barranquilla.Incorrect. This is a literal and incorrect interpretation of the idiom.
• B) The approach is too noisy and aggressive.Incorrect. The idiom relates to direction/objective, not volume or attitude.
• C) A new environmental project involving trees should be started.Incorrect. This misinterprets the figurative meaning of the phrase.
• D) The current strategy is directed towards the wrong objective.Correct. This idiom means to follow a wrong line of thought or course of action.

Respuesta correcta: B) Stopping work for now.

• A) Naming the presentation 'A Day of Review'.This reads 'call it' literally as giving a name. The idiom is about stopping work.
• B) Stopping work for now.'Call it a day' means to stop working for the day; 'continue tomorrow morning' confirms that they will finish later.
• C) Working through the night to finish.Camilo proposes to continue the next morning, which is the opposite of working all night.
• D) Presenting the slides the same night.He says they have finished most, not all, of the slides, and he wants to continue tomorrow.

Respuesta correcta: B) Postponing the meeting to a later date.

• A) Cancelling the committee permanently.'Put off' means to delay, not to cancel; Diego's answer moves the meeting to another day.
• B) Postponing the meeting to a later date.The phrasal verb 'put off' means to postpone, and Diego confirms it by moving the meeting to next Friday.
• C) Turning off the lights in the meeting room.This confuses 'put off' with 'turn off'. The object of the verb is 'the meeting', not the lights.
• D) Inviting more members to the meeting.Ana's question is about the date of the meeting, not about the number of participants.

Respuesta correcta: B) She is reporting a recurring pattern while explicitly declining to present it as proven evidence.

• A) She is retracting a claim she had already proved.A retraction would state that a proven claim proved false. Here she is qualifying a claim she never presented as established, so nothing is withdrawn.
• B) She is reporting a recurring pattern while explicitly declining to present it as proven evidence.The final clause draws a firm line between a rule she has observed and a finding she can demonstrate. She states the pattern and marks its limits at the same time, which is exactly what the two phrases together do.
• C) She is insisting that every rubric produces identical marks.The sentence describes the opposite, that marks differ whenever the rubric changes, and 'as a rule of thumb' explicitly prevents the generalisation from being absolute.
• D) She is asking the other speakers to publish their marking records.The final clause describes what she is doing with her own statement. There is no imperative, no question and no reference to anyone else's records in the quotation.