Digital Citizenship

Respuesta correcta: B) exacerbate

• A) alleviateIncorrect. 'Alleviate' means to make something less severe, which is the opposite of what's needed.
• B) exacerbateCorrect. 'Exacerbate' means to make a problem or bad situation worse, which fits perfectly here.
• C) mitigateIncorrect. 'Mitigate' means to make something less severe, which doesn't fit the negative consequence implied.
• D) facilitateIncorrect. 'Facilitate' means to make an action or process easy or easier, which is not appropriate for a social divide.

Respuesta correcta: A) matters

• A) matters'What matters to them' is the standard collocation for things a person considers important, and the sentence is arguing that ranking is a judgement of importance. The choice of what appears first is a choice about what counts, which is what 'matters' expresses.
• B) happens'What happens to them' would point to events affecting people, and the sentence concerns relative importance rather than consequences. A ranking order establishes precedence, not a sequence of events in anyone's life.
• C) belongs'What belongs to them' is a claim about ownership, and the algorithm is not allocating property. The subject is what a platform judges important to display, which is a question of relevance rather than possession.
• D) occurs'What occurs to them' means what comes into their minds. An algorithm does not prompt thoughts, and the sentence is about the order in which information is presented, not about ideas entering a reader's head.

Respuesta correcta: A) surrendered

• A) surrendered'To surrender' is to give up something you hold voluntarily, without resistance. Writing a password down and leaving it in plain view is exactly a voluntary handing over of the credential, which is what the sentence describes.
• B) usurped'To usurp' is to seize power or rights that belong to someone else. The user is the owner of the account and is giving away their own access, not taking someone else's, so the direction of the action is wrong.
• C) inherited'To inherit' is to receive something from a predecessor. No transfer from another person is described here; the credential simply ends up available to anyone who finds the note.
• D) concealed'To conceal' is to hide something, and a sticky note under a keyboard does the opposite. The problem the sentence identifies is exposure, so a verb of hiding cannot describe the behaviour.

Respuesta correcta: A) circumvent

• A) circumvent'To circumvent' is to get round a rule or obstacle without defeating the obstacle itself. The filter stayed in place and the students found a path around it, which is precisely what circumvention means.
• B) dismantle'To dismantle' is to take something apart, which would describe physically breaking the system. The sentence says the filter was bypassed rather than removed, so the verb has to express evasion rather than destruction.
• C) challenge'To challenge' is to question the legitimacy of something, usually openly and formally. The students found secret routes around the block rather than disputing its right to exist, so this verb is too public and too direct.
• D) decode'To decode' is to convert an encoded message into a readable form. No encoding is involved in a web filter, and the sentence is about evading a restriction rather than interpreting a cipher.

Respuesta correcta: D) Students created a club to help their families check information they receive online.

• A) Students in Cali tell their parents which candidate to vote for.Incorrect. Andrés says the opposite: "We don't tell people who to vote for"; the club only checks facts.
• B) WhatsApp has been banned at the school because of false messages.Incorrect. Nothing in the text mentions a ban; the students respond to false messages by checking them, not by forbidding the app.
• C) All the political messages received by families were false.Incorrect. The text says that "some of them were clearly false", which means not all of them; this option exaggerates the information.
• D) Students created a club to help their families check information they receive online.Correct. The whole text describes the club: why it was created (false messages), what it does (checks sources and data) and its goal, which Andrés summarises as helping people know if what they read is true.

Respuesta correcta: A) Many participants want to learn how to protect themselves from online fraud.

• A) Many participants want to learn how to protect themselves from online fraud.Correct. The most popular class is the one about fraud, and participants bring real messages to analyse, which suggests that avoiding scams is an important reason for them to attend.
• B) Doña Carmen works for a bank in Tunja.Incorrect. The text says a stranger pretended to call from her bank; she was a victim of fraud, not a bank employee.
• C) The course is too expensive for most older adults.Incorrect. The text says the course is "free", so cost cannot be a problem for participants.
• D) The volunteers think video calls are the most difficult skill.Incorrect. The text mentions video calls as one topic but says nothing about which skill is the most difficult; it only says which class is the most popular.

Respuesta correcta: B) Only in serious cases, for example when there are threats.

• A) As soon as a student reports an offensive message.Incorrect. The first step is informing the coexistence committee, not the police; the police are contacted only in serious cases.
• B) Only in serious cases, for example when there are threats.Correct. The text states it directly: "Only in serious cases, such as threats, does the school contact the police."
• C) After the committee has collected screenshots in every case.Incorrect. Collecting screenshots is a normal step of the protocol for all cases, but it does not lead automatically to contacting the police.
• D) When the families refuse to talk with the committee.Incorrect. The text does not say what happens if families refuse to talk; the only condition given for calling the police is a serious case such as threats.

Respuesta correcta: A) the trace of information a person leaves online that others can find later.

• A) the trace of information a person leaves online that others can find later.Correct. The recruiter explains it in the next sentence: a photo shared at fifteen "can still be found" years later, so a digital footprint is the lasting record of what someone does online.
• B) the mark a shoe leaves on a computer screen.Incorrect. This is a literal reading of "footprint"; the text uses the word figuratively to talk about information, not physical marks.
• C) the number of hours a student spends on social media.Incorrect. The recruiter never talks about time spent online; she talks about content that remains and can be found by others.
• D) the privacy settings of a social media account.Incorrect. Privacy settings are her advice for controlling the footprint, but they are not what the expression means.

Respuesta correcta: A) Concentrating one's data in one place leaves the user entirely dependent on that platform's continued goodwill.

• A) Concentrating one's data in one place leaves the user entirely dependent on that platform's continued goodwill.'Could remove... if it wanted to' states the power the company holds, and the second clause states the consequence for someone with no copy. The warning is about dependency: the user's own records exist only as long as the platform tolerates them.
• B) The platform is required by law to hand over every account to the state.The sentence speaks of what the platform could do on its own initiative, with no mention of a legal requirement or of the state. The conditional is about discretionary power rather than about any obligation to disclose.
• C) Users have been copying their data out more often than recommended.The second clause describes what would happen to a user who had not made a copy, and the words 'unless the user had copied' set up a lack of copies. Nothing indicates that most users are following the recommendation.
• D) Accounts that have been removed can be restored on request within a week.If restoration were possible, the user would not be left unable to prove the account existed. The clause 'no way of proving' makes deletion irreversible in practice, which is the opposite of a recoverable process.

Respuesta correcta: C) The failure to spread the rumour depended on a habit that was never taught, so the outcome was left to chance.

• A) The teacher believes the rumour was in fact true.Nothing in the quotation suggests the teacher endorses the claim. The conditional is a counterfactual about verification, and the sentence is about a process for checking information, not about whether the rumour itself was accurate.
• B) Students were taught to verify claims but chose not to do it.This reverses the second half of the sentence. The words 'nobody was ever taught to do so' deny that any instruction existed, so the problem is a gap in teaching rather than a failure of compliance.
• C) The failure to spread the rumour depended on a habit that was never taught, so the outcome was left to chance.'If every student verified...' sets up a condition that would have worked, and 'yet nobody was ever taught to do so' removes it. The result was not prevented by any safeguard but by accident, which is what the contrast between the conditional and the fact exposes.
• D) The rumour died quickly despite the absence of any verification.The sentence says the rumour would have died within a day only under a condition that was never met. The clause 'yet nobody was ever taught' is what makes the outcome uncertain, not what makes it successful.

Respuesta correcta: A) would

• A) wouldAn inverted third conditional uses 'had' plus the past participle in the first clause and 'would have' plus the participle in the second. Here the second clause is negative, so the sentence becomes 'none of the disputes would have had to be settled on private messages alone'.
• B) will'Will' belongs to the present or future, and the whole sentence is set in a counterfactual past. Using it would put the second clause in a different time world from the 'Had' clause that opens the sentence.
• C) must'Must' expresses obligation in the present. A third conditional describes what would not have been necessary, and that reasoning is carried by 'would have' plus the infinitive, not by a modal of duty.
• D) had'Had' already opens the sentence as the auxiliary of the first clause, and the second clause of a third conditional takes 'would have' rather than repeating the past perfect auxiliary. Two 'had' clauses would leave the main clause unfinished.

Respuesta correcta: D) had

• A) hasIncorrect. The sentence refers to a past sequence, requiring the past perfect in inversion.
• B) wasIncorrect. 'Was' does not fit the past perfect structure required by 'Hardly'.
• C) didIncorrect. 'Did' would require the base form of the verb, not the past participle 'been'.
• D) hadCorrect. 'Hardly had...' is a classic C1 inversion structure used for sequential events.

Respuesta correcta: C) would

• A) will'Will' would move the second clause into the future, and the sentence would then have an inverted past clause followed by a future result. Third conditionals keep both clauses in the same counterfactual time world.
• B) must'Must' would assert an obligation, saying journalists were required to be able to trace the pattern. The clause is about what a published archive would have made possible, which is a question of capability and not of duty.
• C) wouldThe second clause of an inverted third conditional is 'would have been able', and the sentence continues with 'and instead the record remains', where 'instead' points back to the possibility named by 'would have'. The tense pairing is what the structure requires.
• D) had'Had' opens the sentence as the first clause's auxiliary, and it cannot also serve the second clause. A third conditional distributes its two auxiliaries, one per clause, so the main clause needs 'would have' rather than a second 'had'.

Respuesta correcta: B) be

• A) beingA gerund after the auxiliary 'should' would leave the clause without a main verb, since 'should' has already taken the auxiliary slot. An inverted conditional needs the bare infinitive after 'should', not a gerund.
• B) be'Should' is already the auxiliary of the inverted conditional, so the blank takes the bare infinitive 'be': 'should the archive ever be shut down... the only way... is to download a copy'. The infinitive to download then explains what the only way consists in.
• C) been'Been' is a past participle and belongs with 'have', which is not present. The clause describes a possible future event under advice, so the form after 'should' is the bare infinitive and nothing more.
• D) are'Are' would introduce a second finite auxiliary, leaving the clause with two of them. Since 'should' is the only auxiliary in an inverted conditional, the verb after it must be in the base form 'be', in agreement with the singular subject 'the archive'.

Respuesta correcta: A) unless

• A) unlessCorrect. "Unless" means "except if": the account is hard to break into except if the user shares the code. This is the only connector that makes the sentence logical.
• B) as long asIncorrect. "As long as" means "only if", so the sentence would say the account is safe only if the user shares the code, which is the opposite of the intended meaning.
• C) in caseIncorrect. "In case" introduces a precaution ("do X in case Y happens"); it does not express an exception to a statement, so the sentence would not make sense.
• D) even thoughIncorrect. "Even though" introduces a fact that contrasts with the main clause, not a condition; it would claim that the user actually shares the code.

Respuesta correcta: B) kept

• A) keepingA gerund after 'were' would leave the subject without a verb, since 'were' is already the auxiliary. An inverted conditional needs the past participle to complete the passive, and 'keeping' cannot do that.
• B) kept'Were' at the front of a sentence forms an inverted second conditional, and it pairs with the past participle: 'were the deletion logs kept by the platform'. The 'would have had' in the main clause confirms that both halves belong to the unreal past.
• C) keep'Keep' is a bare form and would need a subject to act on, but the subject is 'the deletion logs'. The passive formed with 'were' requires the participle 'kept', which is also what pairs with 'by the platform'.
• D) discarded'Discarded' would say the logs were thrown away, which removes them rather than keeping them. The sentence needs the records to have been maintained, since the complaint is precisely that no one can establish what happened to a deleted post.

Respuesta correcta: D) The group is focusing on the wrong solution to the problem.

• A) They are literally looking for something in the trees of the school.Incorrect. This reads the idiom literally; the debate is about online harassment, and no trees are involved.
• B) The debate has become too noisy and aggressive.Incorrect. "Barking" here does not refer to noise; the idiom is about choosing the wrong target, as her second sentence shows.
• C) Students should spend more time outdoors near trees.Incorrect. This takes the image of the tree as a proposal; Daniela proposes teaching online behaviour, not outdoor activities.
• D) The group is focusing on the wrong solution to the problem.Correct. "Barking up the wrong tree" means looking for an answer in the wrong place; Daniela says that education about behaviour matters more than blocking apps.

Respuesta correcta: C) It spread very quickly to a large number of people online.

• A) It contained a computer virus that damaged phones.Incorrect. This is a literal reading of "viral"; the conversation is about popularity and views, not about damage to devices.
• B) It was deleted because it broke the platform's rules.Incorrect. A deleted video could not have two million views and be sent by Diego's cousin that morning.
• C) It spread very quickly to a large number of people online.Correct. "Go viral" means to be shared rapidly by many people on the internet; Diego shows this with the two million views and a cousin in Spain who already saw it.
• D) It made many people sick after watching it.Incorrect. "Viral" here has nothing to do with illness; the expression compares the speed of sharing to the way a virus spreads.

Respuesta correcta: C) Felipe should consider the consequences carefully before posting.

• A) Felipe should post the photo two times.Incorrect. "Twice" in this expression does not refer to the number of posts; the idiom means to reflect before acting.
• B) Felipe should take a better photo of the teacher.Incorrect. The mother does not comment on the quality of the photo; she questions whether posting it is respectful.
• C) Felipe should consider the consequences carefully before posting.Correct. "Think twice" means to consider something carefully before doing it, usually because it may be a bad idea; her question about how Felipe would feel shows she wants him to reconsider.
• D) Felipe should post it immediately because it is funny.Incorrect. Her question "How would you feel if someone did that to you?" shows disapproval, not encouragement.

Respuesta correcta: C) He doubts it and does not completely believe it.

• A) He thinks the information is completely reliable.Incorrect. The missing author, date and sources are reasons for doubt, so Camilo does not trust the website.
• B) He recommends adding salt to coffee.Incorrect. This is a literal reading of the idiom; Camilo is talking about how to judge information, not about food.
• C) He doubts it and does not completely believe it.Correct. "Take something with a pinch of salt" means to be sceptical about it; Camilo explains his doubt by pointing out that the website has no author, date or sources.
• D) He is angry with Valentina for reading the website.Incorrect. Camilo's tone is calm and analytical ("Hmm"); he evaluates the source but does not criticise Valentina.