Review P2

Respuesta correcta: C) exacerbate

• A) alleviateIncorrect. 'Alleviate' means to make something less severe, which is the opposite of what's needed.
• B) mitigateIncorrect. 'Mitigate' means to make something less severe, which doesn't fit the negative consequence implied.
• C) exacerbateCorrect. 'Exacerbate' means to make a problem or bad situation worse, which fits perfectly here.
• D) facilitateIncorrect. 'Facilitate' means to make an action or process easy or easier, which is not appropriate for a social divide.

Respuesta correcta: C) date

• A) anchor'Anchor' means to hold something steady, and the sentence describes the opposite: the list loses its grip on the field as it changes. A word for stability cannot fit a syllabus described as out of step.
• B) streamline'Streamline' means to make something more efficient, and nothing here concerns efficiency. The issue is that the list's content has aged, not that it is cluttered or slow.
• C) date'Date' means to make something seem old or out of date, which is what a fixed reading list does to a syllabus it predates. The clause about the field having moved on supplies the reason it no longer fits.
• D) dramatise'Dramatise' means to present something in an exaggerated form for effect, and the sentence contains no claim about emphasis or theatrical effect. The problem described is purely one of timing.

Respuesta correcta: C) diverge

• A) converge'Converge' is the opposite, coming together, and the sentence describes separate readings that do not match. If examiners converged, moderation would be unnecessary rather than justified.
• B) coincide'Coincide' means to be the same or happen together, and the clause 'which is why the moderation stage exists' presupposes a mismatch. Agreement would remove the need the sentence gives as the reason.
• C) diverge'Diverge' means to move apart from a common point, and the sentence contrasts independent readings that drift in different directions. The clause about the moderation stage confirms that such differences are expected and need reconciling.
• D) hesitate'Hesitate' describes a pause in action or speech, and nothing in the sentence indicates any delay. The point being made concerns the marks themselves differing, not anyone pausing over them.

Respuesta correcta: A) penalise

• A) penalise'Penalise' means to impose a disadvantage on someone, which is what happens when a defensible line of reasoning falls outside the listed answers. The clause 'never anticipated' identifies the mismatch that causes it.
• B) reward'Reward' is the opposite of what the sentence describes, since the student's reasoning goes unrecognised rather than being credited. Nothing suggests any benefit follows from the scheme's rigidity.
• C) reassure'Reassure' means to remove someone's doubts, and the clause describes a student being marked down. No emotional reassurance appears anywhere in the sentence.
• D) excuse'Excuse' means to forgive a fault or to justify an action, and the sentence describes the opposite treatment. The student is not being absolved of anything; the scheme refuses to recognise the reasoning given.

Respuesta correcta: B) A transport project reduced travel time and changed how the neighbourhood is seen.

• A) TransMilenio buses were removed from Ciudad Bolívar in 2018.Incorrect. The text says the cable car is "connected to the TransMilenio bus system", so the buses were not removed.
• B) A transport project reduced travel time and changed how the neighbourhood is seen.Correct. The text explains the shorter journey and then the new public spaces and visitors, so it describes both the practical effect and the change in the neighbourhood's image.
• C) Ciudad Bolívar is the flattest area of Bogotá.Incorrect. The text says the area is "built on steep mountains", which is the reason the cable car was useful.
• D) Tourists in Bogotá prefer visiting libraries to other attractions.Incorrect. The library is one of the new spaces at the stations, but the text does not compare tourists' preferences.

Respuesta correcta: A) Many students changed their opinion about the disconnection day over time.

• A) Many students changed their opinion about the disconnection day over time.Correct. At first many protested and felt nervous, but after three months most reported talking more with classmates, and some asked for the day to be every week, which shows a change in attitude.
• B) All students refused to leave their phones in the box.Incorrect. The text says many protested at first, but it does not say all refused; the survey results show that students participated.
• C) Teachers kept their phones during the disconnection day.Incorrect. The text says that "students and teachers" leave their phones in the box.
• D) Students talked less with their classmates without their phones.Incorrect. Most students said they talked more with their classmates during the break, which is the opposite.

Respuesta correcta: B) To study medicine.

• A) To look for a cure for María's illness.Incorrect. María becomes ill "while he is away", so the illness happens after he leaves and is not the reason for his trip.
• B) To study medicine.Correct. The text states that "the young man must travel to London to study medicine".
• C) To publish his novel in Europe.Incorrect. The novel was written by Jorge Isaacs, not by the character Efraín, and the text does not say it was published in London.
• D) To visit the hacienda El Paraíso.Incorrect. El Paraíso is in the Valle del Cauca, near El Cerrito; it is the place he leaves, not where he goes.

Respuesta correcta: C) sums of money that people working abroad send to their families.

• A) products that Colombia sells to other countries.Incorrect. Those are exports; the text compares remittances with exports, which shows they are different things.
• B) loans that banks give to families in Valle del Cauca.Incorrect. The money comes from relatives abroad, not from banks, and the text never mentions loans.
• C) sums of money that people working abroad send to their families.Correct. The first sentence defines the idea: Colombians abroad "send part of their salaries to their families back home", and the next sentence calls this money "remittances".
• D) taxes that families pay to the government.Incorrect. The money goes to families, not to the government, and it pays for school fees, medicine and houses.

Respuesta correcta: C) A loss of familiarity with the material that has gone unnoticed because no new procedure was introduced.

• A) A formal instruction to mark differently that the supervisor has ignored.The final clause explicitly says nobody asked for any change, so there was no instruction to ignore. The deterioration follows from altered habits rather than from a rule being defied.
• B) A deliberate decision to mark fewer scripts accurately.The sentence describes catching fewer errors without presenting it as a choice. Nothing suggests a deliberate trade-off; the change is presented as something that happened to the supervisor's reading.
• C) A loss of familiarity with the material that has gone unnoticed because no new procedure was introduced.The contrast between past and present habits shows the change is in the supervisor's attention, not in any rule. The clause 'though nobody has asked me to change anything' explains why the decline went unaddressed, and that is the reading the sentence supports.
• D) An improvement that colleagues have failed to notice.The direction of the sentence is a decline, not a gain: catching fewer marking errors is a deterioration. The clause about nobody asking anything explains the silence, not a failure to notice improvement.

Respuesta correcta: D) To show readers how their own actions can help the waste pickers.

• A) To explain how the Constitutional Court made its decision.Incorrect. The court's decision is described in the previous sentence; the last sentence speaks to the reader about recycling at home.
• B) To criticise the waste pickers for working long hours.Incorrect. The text is sympathetic to the waste pickers, and the last sentence encourages readers to help them, not to criticise them.
• C) To announce that the city will stop paying waste pickers.Incorrect. The text says many waste pickers are paid by the city today; the last sentence says nothing about stopping payments.
• D) To show readers how their own actions can help the waste pickers.Correct. The last sentence addresses the reader directly with "you" and connects a simple daily action (separating plastic and paper) with making the waste pickers' job easier.

Respuesta correcta: B) had

• A) hasIncorrect. The sentence refers to a past sequence, requiring the past perfect in inversion.
• B) hadCorrect. 'Hardly had...' is a classic C1 inversion structure used for sequential events.
• C) wasIncorrect. 'Was' does not fit the past perfect structure required by 'Hardly'.
• D) didIncorrect. 'Did' would require the base form of the verb, not the past participle 'been'.

Respuesta correcta: B) was

• A) didIncorrect. "Did" must be followed by a base verb, but "informed" here is a past participle in a passive structure; "did the student informed" is ungrammatical.
• B) wasCorrect. "Not until..." at the start inverts the main clause; the past passive "the student was informed" becomes "was the student informed", and "was" agrees with the singular "student".
• C) wereIncorrect. "Were" is plural, but the subject "the student" is singular, so the verb does not agree.
• D) doesIncorrect. "Does" is present and needs a base verb; the sentence is about a past event ("was dismissed"), and "informed" is a participle.

Respuesta correcta: B) did

• A) had'Had' would form a past perfect and need the participle 'revised', placing the revision before another past point. The sentence describes the revision as following the circulation of the comments.
• B) did'Not until' is a fronted negative that inverts the main clause, and 'did' carries the simple past: 'not until the comments were circulated did the markers revise'. The main verb returns to its base form 'revise'.
• C) could'Could' would suggest the markers were merely able to revise, but the sentence asserts that they did. The trigger is the circulation of the comments, which is about timing rather than capability.
• D) must'Must' expresses obligation or deduction about the present, and the clause reports a completed past action. Nothing in the sentence states an obligation or supports a deduction about now.

Respuesta correcta: C) could

• A) didIncorrect. "Did" is followed by a base verb in the active voice, but "did the candidate be told" combines do-support with "be", which is ungrammatical.
• B) wasIncorrect. "Was" cannot be followed by "be"; the past passive would be "was the candidate told", which does not match the words in the sentence.
• C) couldCorrect. "Only after..." inverts the main clause, and "be told" is a passive infinitive that must follow a modal: "could the candidate be told". "Could" also expresses that it was only possible after the hearing.
• D) hadIncorrect. "Had" must be followed by a past participle ("been told"), not by the base form "be", so "had the candidate be told" is impossible.

Respuesta correcta: C) does

• A) do'Do' is the plural auxiliary, but the subject 'a departmental review' is singular. The inversion has moved that subject to the right without altering its number.
• B) did'Did' would place the observation in the past simple, but the sentence describes what reviews in general do. A recurring present pattern takes the simple present under inversion.
• C) does'Seldom' inverts the clause, and 'does' carries the present with the singular subject 'a departmental review'. The main verb 'reach' stays in its base form, as it must after 'does'.
• D) had'Had' would form a past perfect and require the participle 'reached', placing the agreement before another past point. Nothing in the clause supplies that earlier reference time.

Respuesta correcta: A) does

• A) does'Rarely' fronted inverts the clause, and 'does' carries the present with the singular subject 'a module outline'. The main verb 'survive' stays in its base form, as it must after 'does'.
• B) do'Do' is the plural auxiliary, but the subject 'a module outline' is singular. The inversion has moved that subject to the right without altering its number.
• C) did'Did' would place the observation in the past simple, but the sentence describes what happens to outlines in general. A recurring present pattern takes the simple present under inversion.
• D) had'Had' would form a past perfect and require the participle 'survived', placing the outline before another past point. The clause makes a general claim about how outlines fare.

Respuesta correcta: C) The group is focusing on the wrong solution to the problem.

• A) They are literally looking for something in the trees of the school.Incorrect. This reads the idiom literally; the debate is about exam results, and no trees are involved.
• B) The debate has become too noisy and aggressive.Incorrect. "Barking" here does not refer to noise; the idiom is about choosing the wrong target, as her second sentence shows.
• C) The group is focusing on the wrong solution to the problem.Correct. "Barking up the wrong tree" means looking for an answer in the wrong place; Daniela says that real practice matters more than more tests.
• D) Students should read more texts about trees and forests.Incorrect. This takes the image of the tree as a proposal; Daniela talks about practising with real texts in general.

Respuesta correcta: A) To make sure they both understand and agree on the plan.

• A) To make sure they both understand and agree on the plan.Correct. To be "on the same page" means to have the same understanding of a situation; Mateo realises they have different ideas about who writes the introduction.
• B) To read the same page of a book together.Incorrect. This is a literal reading of the idiom; the conversation is about dividing tasks, not about reading a book.
• C) To tell Juliana that he will not participate in the project.Incorrect. Mateo wants to clarify the tasks, which shows he plans to participate.
• D) To write the whole project alone before class.Incorrect. Mateo suggests a meeting to coordinate with Juliana, not to work alone.

Respuesta correcta: C) He is gradually learning how to use the platform.

• A) He hung his homework on the classroom wall.Incorrect. This misreads "hang" literally; Esteban uploaded his homework online.
• B) He still cannot use the platform at all.Incorrect. He says it was confusing "at first", and he managed to upload his homework without help, so he can use it.
• C) He is gradually learning how to use the platform.Correct. To "get the hang of" something is to learn how to do it with practice; Esteban gives evidence: he uploaded his homework alone.
• D) He wants to stop using the platform.Incorrect. Nothing in his answer suggests he wants to stop; he describes his progress positively.

Respuesta correcta: D) Respectfully, by softening the disagreement before giving a reason.

• A) Aggressively, by insulting the principal.Incorrect. The student uses polite expressions and gives a reasoned argument, so there is nothing aggressive or insulting.
• B) By completely agreeing with the principal's idea.Incorrect. "I'm not sure that's a good idea" shows disagreement, not agreement.
• C) By changing the topic of the conversation.Incorrect. The student stays on the topic of the uniform and explains a problem with the proposal.
• D) Respectfully, by softening the disagreement before giving a reason.Correct. "With all due respect" and "I'm not sure that's a good idea" are polite ways to disagree with someone in authority; the student then gives a reason about family costs.