Migration Diaspora

Respuesta correcta: C) exacerbate

• A) alleviateIncorrect. 'Alleviate' means to make something less severe, which is the opposite of what's needed.
• B) mitigateIncorrect. 'Mitigate' means to make something less severe, which doesn't fit the negative consequence implied.
• C) exacerbateCorrect. 'Exacerbate' means to make a problem or bad situation worse, which fits perfectly here.
• D) facilitateIncorrect. 'Facilitate' means to make an action or process easy or easier, which is not appropriate for a social divide.

Respuesta correcta: D) deter

• A) welcome'Welcome' is the opposite of what the sentence describes, since the rule makes arrival harder rather than easier. Nothing in it suggests the workers are being invited.
• B) absorb'Absorb' means to take in and become part of, and the clause is about discouraging arrival rather than accommodating people who have already come. The tense also rules out an event of settling.
• C) resemble'Resemble' means to look like, and no comparison of appearance appears anywhere in the sentence. The clause describes a consequence the rule produces, not a likeness.
• D) deter'Deter' means to discourage someone from doing something by making it costly or unwelcome, which is what the rule does to recruitment. The clause about why the hospital was built names the outcome the rule defeats.

Respuesta correcta: B) cultivate

• A) ration'Ration' means to limit the amount of something available, and the sentence describes communities providing rather than withholding resources. The clause names something that accumulates, not something held back.
• B) cultivate'Cultivate' means to develop something over time through care, which fits schools and clinics maintained by the community itself. The clause about belonging that cannot be handed out describes something grown rather than assigned.
• C) abandon'Abandon' means to leave something permanently, and the settlements described are the ones setting up institutions rather than walking away from them. The clause points to what is built and kept.
• D) assemble'Assemble' means to bring parts together in one place, usually of people or objects, and the clause is about a feeling rather than a gathering. Nothing here describes a physical collection.

Respuesta correcta: A) multiply

• A) multiply'Multiply' means to increase a number repeatedly, and the clause about the consular office's staffing establishes the scale the network exceeds. The three items being circulated show a multiplication of effect rather than a single transfer.
• B) cancel'Cancel' means to call something off or to make it ineffective, and nothing here is withdrawn or voided. The clause compares reach rather than describing the office losing its authority.
• C) conceal'Conceal' means to hide, and the network is described as circulating things, which is the opposite of keeping them out of sight. No one in the sentence is hiding information.
• D) donate'Donate' means to give away voluntarily, usually money or goods, and the sentence describes circulating advice and information among members. The clause is about reach rather than charity.

Respuesta correcta: D) Some migrants, like Luisa, create businesses and jobs in their new city.

• A) Migrants in Cartagena take jobs away from Colombian workers.Incorrect. Luisa mentions this belief to reject it, and her restaurant employs four Colombians.
• B) Venezuelan arepas are healthier than Colombian arepas.Incorrect. The text says her arepas were thinner and differently filled, but it never compares how healthy they are.
• C) Luisa wants to return to Maracaibo with her children.Incorrect. Nothing in the text mentions a plan to return; it describes how she built a business in Cartagena.
• D) Some migrants, like Luisa, create businesses and jobs in their new city.Correct. Luisa's story, her quote 'many of us also create them' and the figure of 2,000 businesses all support the idea that migrants can create employment.

Respuesta correcta: B) Grateful for her father's support, but sad about the cost of the separation.

• A) Completely happy, because the money solves all the family's problems.Incorrect. She lists problems that money cannot solve, such as the empty chair and her mother doing everything alone.
• B) Grateful for her father's support, but sad about the cost of the separation.Correct. She says 'I am grateful', but she also describes the empty chair and his absence at graduation, so her feeling combines gratitude and sadness.
• C) Angry with her father for not wanting to visit the family.Incorrect. He does not come because the ticket is very expensive, not because he does not want to; she shows no anger.
• D) Ashamed because people know her father lives abroad.Incorrect. Nothing in the essay suggests shame; she disagrees only with the word 'lucky'.

Respuesta correcta: B) Not accept the offer, because it is a fraud.

• A) Pay the money to receive the permit faster.Incorrect. The notice warns against this because the permit is free and the offers are fraudulent.
• B) Not accept the offer, because it is a fraud.Correct. The notice says these offers 'are fraudulent' and that Migración Colombia never charges for the permit, so applicants should not pay.
• C) Take the photo and fingerprints again at a new appointment.Incorrect. The photo and fingerprints are normal steps of the process, not a response to fraudulent offers.
• D) Open a bank account to make the payment safely.Incorrect. A bank account is one of the benefits of the PPT, not a way to pay for it; the permit has no cost.

Respuesta correcta: C) to have

• A) having'Which meant having my Spanish would arrive broken' leaves the clause without a main verb of its own, because a bare gerund cannot stand as the second element of 'which meant'. The structure needs the infinitive 'to have' to anchor the perfect.
• B) had'Which meant had my Spanish would arrive broken' is not a licensed form in English; 'meant' takes an infinitive or a that-clause, not a stranded past perfect auxiliary. A real past perfect would claim the ability had in fact occurred.
• C) to have'Which meant to have + past participle' is the past form of speculation about an unrealised event: the ability to speak Spanish was always there in potential but never became a reality. Only 'to have' can carry that counterfactual sense after a past 'meant'.
• D) to be'To be' forms a future or passive sense, so 'which meant to be my Spanish arriving broken' shifts the meaning to something that was going to happen. The grandmother is denying a real arrival, not describing a scheduled one.

Respuesta correcta: B) Because international phone calls cost too much at that time.

• A) Because they worked in factories that produced cassettes.Incorrect. They worked in factories, but the text does not say the factories made cassettes, and that is not the reason given.
• B) Because international phone calls cost too much at that time.Correct. The text gives the reason directly: they sent letters and cassettes 'because international calls were too expensive'.
• C) Because their families could not read letters.Incorrect. The migrants also sent letters, so the text does not suggest that their families were unable to read.
• D) Because the historian asked them to record their traditions.Incorrect. The historian studies these communities today; he did not ask the migrants of the 1960s to record anything.

Respuesta correcta: A) To offer support to people who have returned to Colombia after living abroad.

• A) To offer support to people who have returned to Colombia after living abroad.Correct. After describing the problem of reverse culture shock, the message presents the association's free meetings and mentoring and ends with 'let us help you feel at home'.
• B) To convince Colombians not to emigrate.Incorrect. The message is addressed to people who have already come back; it does not discuss whether people should leave.
• C) To explain why prices in Colombia have increased.Incorrect. Price changes are mentioned only as one example of what returnees notice; the text gives no explanation of them.
• D) To advertise a university that gives foreign degrees.Incorrect. The association helps returnees validate degrees obtained abroad; it is not advertising a university.

Respuesta correcta: D) had

• A) hasIncorrect. The sentence refers to a past sequence, requiring the past perfect in inversion.
• B) wasIncorrect. 'Was' does not fit the past perfect structure required by 'Hardly'.
• C) didIncorrect. 'Did' would require the base form of the verb, not the past participle 'been'.
• D) hadCorrect. 'Hardly had...' is a classic C1 inversion structure used for sequential events.

Respuesta correcta: D) must have arrived

• A) will have arrived'Will have + participle' projects forward to a point in the future, but the comparison is between two past dates. A sentence anchored on letters already written cannot conclude with a future perfect.
• B) is arrivingThe present continuous would put the arrival at the moment of speaking, which contradicts the fact that the move is already recorded. The question is when it happened, not whether it is under way.
• C) has been arrivingThe present perfect continuous would describe a process still continuing, and 'two years earlier' fixes a completed date. The writer needs a single finished arrival, not an ongoing habit of arriving.
• D) must have arrived'Must have + participle' expresses a confident deduction about the past from present evidence. The letters are the evidence and the records are the comparison, so the writer is drawing a strong conclusion about a completed move.

Respuesta correcta: A) had been living

• A) had been livingCorrect. 'By the time' + a past event and 'for eleven years' describe a situation that continued up to a moment in the past, which is the use of the past perfect continuous.
• B) have been livingIncorrect. The present perfect continuous connects with the present, but the period ended in 2019, a past moment marked by 'crossed'.
• C) are livingIncorrect. The present continuous describes now, but the sentence refers to the eleven years before the family left Maracaibo in 2019.
• D) will have been livingIncorrect. The future perfect continuous looks forward from the present, while 'crossed' and '2019' place the whole situation in the past.

Respuesta correcta: B) we would have

• A) we will have'Will have' would make the consequence certain in the future, but the first half is entirely in the past. A counterfactual about a past divergence needs 'would have', the modal that marks an unreal result.
• B) we would haveThe if-clause carries the past perfect 'had the family settled', so the result clause must carry the matching 'would have' plus participle. A single conditional with two outcomes requires both halves to be inverted, which is what the sentence shows.
• C) there would be'There would be' describes the existence of a state without a participle to pair with the past perfect in the first half. The sentence predicts a completed outcome, and only 'would have + participle' can express completion.
• D) we had'We had' is the past perfect on its own, with no modal and no participle, so it would assert the result as a fact rather than as a possibility. The counterfactual requires the conditional 'would have', not the past perfect again.

Respuesta correcta: B) contradicting

• A) confirming'Confirming' would make the two sources agree, but the sentence gives two different days. The whole purpose of mentioning both is to record the disagreement between them.
• B) contradictingA present participle after a comma can mark a point of contrast, and 'contradicting' sets the register against the family's account. The two competing times are exactly what makes the detail a contradiction.
• C) including'Including' means adding something to a list, and no list of dates is being extended here. The clause after it states a competing account rather than adding an item to one.
• D) avoiding'Avoiding' means deliberately not mentioning something, and the register does mention the crossing explicitly. The sentence is about two incompatible dates, not about an omission.

Respuesta correcta: A) dispute

• A) dispute'Dispute whether' is a standard collocation meaning to argue about whether something is true, and the clause after it lays out the two explanations being weighed. The 'still' indicates the argument is unresolved.
• B) mention'Mention whether' would treat the unresolved question as a piece of information to be stated, and the alternatives given are arguments rather than facts. The sentence describes continuing disagreement, not reporting it.
• C) avoid'Avoid whether' is not an idiomatic combination, since avoiding a question is expressed with the question itself rather than with this verb. Nothing in the clause suggests the historians declined to raise the matter.
• D) expect'Expect whether' would place an expectation about the answer of a question, and historians have no basis for anticipating which account is right. The two possibilities are presented as an open dispute.

Respuesta correcta: C) The current strategy is directed towards the wrong objective.

• A) They are literally looking for something in the trees of Medellín.Incorrect. This reads the idiom word for word; nobody in the debate is searching any trees, because the phrase is figurative and describes a mistaken strategy.
• B) The approach is too noisy and aggressive.Incorrect. 'Barking' here does not describe loud or aggressive behaviour; the idiom is about aiming at the wrong target, not about the tone of the discussion.
• C) The current strategy is directed towards the wrong objective.Correct. 'Bark up the wrong tree' comes from hunting dogs barking at a tree the animal is not in, so it means putting effort into the wrong cause or the wrong solution.
• D) A new environmental project involving trees should be started.Incorrect. The speaker is criticising the current approach, not proposing a new project; 'tree' is part of a fixed expression and has no literal meaning here.

Respuesta correcta: D) Their friendship has gradually become less close.

• A) They had a big fight and stopped talking completely.Incorrect. 'Drift apart' describes a gradual process without a conflict, and she still sends birthday messages, so they did not stop talking.
• B) Juliana travelled to Chile by boat.Incorrect. This takes 'drift' as movement on water; the phrasal verb here describes a relationship.
• C) They talk more now than when Juliana lived in Cartagena.Incorrect. Marcela says 'Not as much as before', so they talk less, not more.
• D) Their friendship has gradually become less close.Correct. 'Drift apart' means to slowly become less close to someone; 'Not as much as before' confirms that they communicate less.

Respuesta correcta: C) Earn enough money to pay for basic expenses.

• A) Join the two ends of a rope.Incorrect. This is a literal reading of 'ends' and 'meet'; the expression is about money, not physical objects.
• B) Meet old friends at the end of the day.Incorrect. 'Meet' here is part of a fixed expression; the owner is talking about money and his savings, not social meetings.
• C) Earn enough money to pay for basic expenses.Correct. 'Make ends meet' means to have enough money for what you need; opening the restaurant was his way of earning an income.
• D) Finish his studies in the United States.Incorrect. He mentions starting again in Colombia and opening a restaurant, not studying abroad.

Respuesta correcta: C) Reassuring the family and suggesting an order for their tasks.

• A) Telling the family to walk slowly to the school.Incorrect. 'One step at a time' is not about walking; it means dealing with one task before the next.
• B) Refusing to help with the health service.Incorrect. The health service is the second step in her plan, so she includes it instead of refusing it.
• C) Reassuring the family and suggesting an order for their tasks.Correct. 'I know everything feels...' shows empathy, and 'one step at a time: first..., then...' organises the tasks; the father's answer confirms he feels calmer.
• D) Criticising the family for arriving without documents.Incorrect. Her tone is supportive, and documents are never mentioned; the father thanks her, which would be unlikely after criticism.