Passive Voice Causative

Respuesta correcta: C) The builders built the new library in 2019.

• A) The new library is built in 2019.'Is built' would place the construction in the present, while the original names the year 2019.
• B) The new library built in 2019.A passive sentence needs an auxiliary before the participle, and none appears here.
• C) The builders built the new library in 2019.In the active, the builders become the subject and perform the action that the passive attributes to the library.
• D) The new library was building in 2019.'Was building' is a passive progressive, which is not the simple event described in the sentence.

Respuesta correcta: A) Thousands of small farmers grow rice in this region.

• A) Thousands of small farmers grow rice in this region.Moving 'rice' back to the object position and naming the farmers as the subject produces the active form.
• B) Thousands of small farmers are growing rice here.'Are growing' is the active of the present continuous, which is not the tense of the original sentence.
• C) Rice grows by thousands of small farmers in this region.'Rice' cannot be the subject that grows the crop, so this reading is nonsensical.
• D) Thousands of small farmers grew rice in this region.'Grew' is the past simple and changes the time reference of the sentence.

Respuesta correcta: C) The action matters more than who performed it

• A) The sentence must be shorter in the active formThe passive is not used for length, and here the active sentence would be no shorter than the passive.
• B) The active form would be grammatically impossibleAn active form exists and is perfectly grammatical, as the equivalent question demonstrates.
• C) The action matters more than who performed itReports often keep the affected party as the subject and omit the agent, so the focus stays on the forest.
• D) The writer wants to name the person who started the fireIf the agent were the point of the sentence, the active form would be the appropriate choice.

Respuesta correcta: D) Someone is repairing the road at the moment.

• A) The road repairs itself at the moment.A road cannot repair itself, so the passive subject cannot be the agent of the action.
• B) The road repaired at the moment.'Repaired' would be the simple past, which the continuous form excludes.
• C) Someone repaired the road at the moment.The present continuous indicates an action in progress, not a completed one.
• D) Someone is repairing the road at the moment.'Is being' plus participle is the passive continuous and its active counterpart uses 'is repairing' with an agent.

Respuesta correcta: B) The causative with 'have' plus object plus past participle

• A) A relative clause modifying 'car'No relative pronoun appears, so the sentence contains no relative clause.
• B) The causative with 'have' plus object plus past participle'Have' plus object plus participle describes having something done by someone else, which is the causative use.
• C) The passive voice with 'had' as the past auxiliary'Had' can be the auxiliary of the past perfect, but here it belongs to the causative construction.
• D) The present perfect with a participleThe present perfect would need 'has' plus participle with the subject performing the action.

Respuesta correcta: A) The postman has delivered the letters.

• A) The postman has delivered the letters.The present perfect passive becomes the present perfect active with the agent as subject and the object after the verb.
• B) The letters has delivered the postman.Agreement is wrong: a plural subject 'letters' requires 'have', not 'has'.
• C) The letters have delivered themselves.Letters cannot deliver themselves, so the passive subject cannot become the agent here.
• D) The postman has been delivered the letters.The structure mixes the auxiliary of a passive with the word order of an active and is ungrammatical.

Respuesta correcta: D) An impersonal passive report with a that-clause as subject

• A) A passive sentence in which 'the species' is the agent'The species' sits inside the that-clause as its subject and is the object of the verb 'believe', not the agent.
• B) A causative construction with 'it' as the objectNo causative construction is present, since there is no object receiving an arranged action.
• C) A question in passive formThe sentence is a declarative statement and contains no auxiliary of question formation.
• D) An impersonal passive report with a that-clause as subject'It' is a dummy subject, 'is believed' is the passive, and the that-clause carries the real content of the report.

Respuesta correcta: D) They had the roof repaired before the rains began.

• A) They had repaired the roof before the rains began.'Had repaired' is a past perfect active form in which the contractor does the work personally.
• B) They repaired the roof had before the rains began.The participle cannot follow the object in this construction, so the word order is wrong.
• C) They had the roof repair before the rains began.The participle must be in the past form 'repaired', not the base form 'repair'.
• D) They had the roof repaired before the rains began.In the causative, the object sits between 'had' and the past participle, which is the fixed pattern of the construction.

Respuesta correcta: B) The speaker arranged for a hairdresser to cut the hair

• A) The speaker will cut her hair after the ceremonyThe sentence is entirely in the past, so no future action is being described.
• B) The speaker arranged for a hairdresser to cut the hairThe causative always implies that someone else performs the action the speaker arranged.
• C) The speaker cut her own hair at homeCutting one's own hair would require the active form 'I cut my hair'.
• D) The speaker's hair was already cut when she arrivedThe past participle and the causative structure indicate an arrangement completed before the ceremony, not a pre-existing condition.

Respuesta correcta: A) The damage was already present before the earthquake began

• A) The damage was already present before the earthquake beganThe past perfect places the damage earlier than the past event named in the second clause.
• B) The earthquake damaged the bridge during the quakeA simultaneous event would use the past simple in both halves.
• C) The bridge will be repaired after the earthquakeNothing in the sentence refers to a future repair.
• D) The earthquake and the damage happened at the same moment'Before' establishes that the two events are not simultaneous.

Respuesta correcta: B) The opposition itself rather than the group that expressed it

• A) The reason why the committee objectedThe sentence states that opposition was strong without giving any reason for it.
• B) The opposition itself rather than the group that expressed it'Met with' makes the opposition the subject, so the response is what the sentence presents as important.
• C) The identity of the members of the committeeThe group is not named at all in this sentence, so its identity is not the point.
• D) The date when the opposition was expressedNo date appears anywhere in the sentence.

Respuesta correcta: B) The worker arranged the work and a designer carries it out

• A) The design has already been completedNothing in the present form indicates that the work has already been finished.
• B) The worker arranged the work and a designer carries it outThe present form of the causative shows an arrangement in progress, with the designer as the real agent.
• C) The worker is redesigning the kitchen aloneDoing the work alone would require the active form 'I am redesigning the kitchen'.
• D) The kitchen is being redesigned by the worker nowThat reading would need the passive form 'The kitchen is being redesigned by me'.

Respuesta correcta: C) The laboratory must test the samples before the results can be published.

• A) The samples must testing the laboratory before the results can be published.A modal cannot be followed by a gerund with the object in front of it, so the word order is impossible.
• B) The samples must tested before the results can be published.A modal never takes a past participle directly, so 'must tested' is ungrammatical.
• C) The laboratory must test the samples before the results can be published.A modal passive becomes a modal active with the agent as subject and the modal unchanged before the base form of the verb.
• D) The laboratory must be testing the samples before the results can be published.'Must be testing' is a modal passive continuous, which expresses a different, ongoing obligation.

Respuesta correcta: A) The person who gives the children the reading time

• A) The person who gives the children the reading timeThe agent of 'give' is left out, so the sentence focuses on what the children receive rather than on who provides it.
• B) The children who are readingThe children are named as the subject of the sentence, so they are not what is avoided.
• C) The time given for readingThe reading time appears in the sentence as the thing given.
• D) The questions asked afterwardsThe questions appear explicitly as the later activity.

Respuesta correcta: D) Present perfect passive

• A) Past simple passiveThe past simple passive would use 'was welcomed', and no past auxiliary appears here.
• B) Present continuous passiveA continuous passive would need 'is being welcomed', which is absent.
• C) Past continuous passiveThe past continuous would require a specific past moment of the action, which the sentence does not name.
• D) Present perfect passive'Has been' plus participle is the present perfect passive, which connects a past event to its current relevance.

Respuesta correcta: C) The first records a past event and the second reports a change up to the present

• A) The two passives repeat the same information in two registersThe two clauses report different facts, so they are not a repetition of the same information.
• B) The second passive is a causative form of the firstA causative would require 'have' plus object plus participle, and no such structure appears.
• C) The first records a past event and the second reports a change up to the present'Were arrested' fixes a completed action in the past, while 'have since been released' links the outcome to the present moment.
• D) The first hides the police and the second hides the suspectsNaming an agent is a choice about focus, and the difference between the two clauses lies in tense rather than agent.

Respuesta correcta: A) Past continuous passive and past simple

• A) Past continuous passive and past simple'Was being widened' describes work in progress during a past period, and 'happened' is the completed past simple event.
• B) Past simple passive and past continuousThe order is reversed: the continuous clause comes first and the simple clause second.
• C) Present perfect passive and past simpleNo present perfect auxiliary appears in the sentence, and 'have since' is not present.
• D) Past perfect passive and present simpleA past perfect would require 'had been widened', which is not the form used.

Respuesta correcta: D) We are arranging for someone to paint the fence next week.

• A) We are painting the fence next week.Painting personally would remove the distinction that the causative creates between arranging and performing.
• B) The fence is painting itself next week.A fence cannot paint itself, so the fence cannot become the agent of the action.
• C) We are being painted the fence next week.The structure misplaces the passive auxiliary and is not a grammatical English clause.
• D) We are arranging for someone to paint the fence next week.A causative describes an arrangement, and the active paraphrase must make the arrangement and the agent both explicit.

Respuesta correcta: C) The research team collected the data over two months.

• A) It was collected that the data took two months.The dummy subject 'it' with an embedded clause is indirect and impersonal rather than active.
• B) There was collected the data over two months.An existential 'there' cannot serve as the subject of a transitive passive, so the sentence is ungrammatical.
• C) The research team collected the data over two months.The agent is named as the subject and the verb follows it directly, which is the active structure the instruction requires.
• D) The data was collected over two months.This is the passive form that the instruction explicitly rejects.

Respuesta correcta: B) Someone obliged the witness to repeat the statement against her will

• A) The witness was instructed to repeat it, without coercionCoercion is precisely what the causative verb 'make' expresses, so the fourth reading removes its meaning.
• B) Someone obliged the witness to repeat the statement against her will'Make' plus object plus 'to' plus infinitive is causative and always carries the pressure of compulsion on the object.
• C) The witness was asked politely and agreed willinglyPoliteness and willingness would require a verb such as 'asked', not 'made'.
• D) The witness repeated the statement on her own initiativeDoing it on her own initiative would need the active form with the witness as subject.