Repaso P2

Respuesta correcta: B) When I arrived at the clinic yesterday, the doctor had not yet reviewed my results.

• A) When I arrived at the clinic yesterday, the doctor did not reviewed my results.In a negative past sentence, 'did' carries the tense and the verb returns to its base form.
• B) When I arrived at the clinic yesterday, the doctor had not yet reviewed my results.A review that was still pending at the moment of arrival requires the past perfect, since it precedes another past event.
• C) When I arrived at the clinic yesterday, the doctor have not reviewed my results.'Have not' cannot follow a past-tense clause describing an earlier moment.
• D) When I arrived at the clinic yesterday, the doctor has not reviewed my results.The present perfect would relate the review to the present, but the arrival is a fixed point in the past.

Respuesta correcta: C) Present perfect with 'has' and past participle

• A) Future simple with 'will live''Will' refers to the future and contradicts the fact that the living has already begun.
• B) Past continuous with 'was living'The past continuous describes an action in progress at a past moment, not a continuing period.
• C) Present perfect with 'has' and past participle'Since' plus a starting point in the past calls for the present perfect, which links the action to the present.
• D) Past simple with 'lived'The past simple would place the whole period in the past and would not work with 'since'.

Respuesta correcta: C) The closing time is a fixed arrangement, not a single future event

• A) The present simple is always more politeRegister is a separate question, and both forms can be polite or impolite.
• B) The sign describes a past habitA weekly schedule extends into the future, so this is not a description of the past.
• C) The closing time is a fixed arrangement, not a single future eventScheduled arrangements are stated with the present simple because they are treated as fixed parts of the weekly routine.
• D) The sign writer did not know the future simpleThe present simple is a deliberate choice here rather than a symptom of a gap in the writer's grammar.

Respuesta correcta: A) The teacher explained the grammar to us yesterday.

• A) The teacher explained the grammar to us yesterday.'Explain' requires the thing explained as a direct object and the person told after 'to', so the order is correct here.
• B) The teacher explained us the grammar to yesterday.'To' belongs before the person, not after the noun, so that placement is impossible.
• C) The teacher explained to us grammar the yesterday.English does not place an article before the indirect object in this structure.
• D) The teacher explained the us grammar yesterday.'Explain' is not a transitive verb that allows an object pronoun in the direct object position.

Respuesta correcta: D) It expresses an obligation imposed on the students

• A) It expresses a possibility that students may do as they wishA modal of possibility would describe permission rather than obligation.
• B) It describes a past obligation that has endedNothing in the sentence refers to a past time.
• C) It expresses a prohibition with a penaltyA prohibition would be expressed by 'must not' or 'are forbidden to'.
• D) It expresses an obligation imposed on the studentsA passive plus an infinitive after 'to' is the standard way of stating a formal requirement.

Respuesta correcta: A) The present perfect in 'has remained'

• A) The present perfect in 'has remained''Has remained' connects an event that began in the past to the fact that it is still true now.
• B) The past simple in 'was designed'The past simple in the final clause reports a past design and says nothing about the present.
• C) The past continuous that the text does not useNaming a form the text does not use cannot describe the tense present in the sentence.
• D) The future simple implied by the design problemNo future form appears, and a design capacity is a fixed property rather than a prediction.

Respuesta correcta: D) An inversion with 'did' for emphasis, followed by a coordinated clause

• A) A question with the auxiliary placed at the beginningThere is no wh-word and no answer is expected, so the sentence is not a question.
• B) A passive sentence in the past simpleThe subject performs the action, so the sentence is active rather than passive.
• C) A relative clause modifying the word 'delay'No relative pronoun appears anywhere in the sentence.
• D) An inversion with 'did' for emphasis, followed by a coordinated clauseA negative word at the start of the sentence triggers auxiliary inversion, which places 'did' before the subject.

Respuesta correcta: A) Could you please send me that file at your earliest convenience?

• A) Could you please send me that file at your earliest convenience?The modal 'could' plus 'please' and a formal noun phrase produce the polite register the task requires.
• B) Can you send me that file right now, please?'Right now' is an urgent demand and lowers the register rather than raising it.
• C) You will send me that file now.'You will' is a bare future instruction and sounds abrupt rather than courteous.
• D) Send me that file whenever, thanks.'Whenever' and 'thanks' belong to casual speech and do not achieve formality.

Respuesta correcta: A) The actions began in the past and their effects continue now

• A) The actions began in the past and their effects continue nowThe present perfect links past developments to a situation the writer is commenting on now.
• B) Both actions will definitely happen in the future'Will' would refer to future events, and the text describes what has already begun.
• C) Both actions happened at a specific moment in the pastThe past simple would require a stated finished time, which the text does not give.
• D) The text is describing a repeated habitA repeated habit would need the present simple, not the present perfect.

Respuesta correcta: D) 'For' should be 'to', because the surprise was experienced by the researchers

• A) 'For' is correct and the sentence needs no changeThe preposition is precisely what the sentence gets wrong.
• B) 'Surprising' should be a noun rather than an adjectiveThe adjective describes the results, and its form is not the issue.
• C) 'Were' should be 'have been' because the results are still surprisingA present perfect passive would change the time reference, which the sentence does not need.
• D) 'For' should be 'to', because the surprise was experienced by the researchersIn the passive, the person who experiences the surprise is the recipient of the action, and 'to' marks that role.

Respuesta correcta: A) It emphasises the element in the clause where it appears

• A) It emphasises the element in the clause where it appearsA cleft sentence splits the clause in order to place unusual emphasis on the word 'it' refers back to.
• B) It makes a passive sentence out of an active oneNo passive structure is present; the sentence is active in both halves.
• C) It introduces a condition that must be satisfiedThere is no conditional form in the sentence.
• D) It reports what somebody said about the riverNo reporting verb such as 'said' appears in either half.

Respuesta correcta: C) A negative word such as 'rarely' opens the sentence and requires inversion

• A) English inverts after a comma in any sentenceNo comma appears at the point where inversion occurs, and punctuation alone never triggers it.
• B) The tense of the sentence is not otherwise visibleInversion is a structural requirement, not a substitute for showing the tense.
• C) A negative word such as 'rarely' opens the sentence and requires inversion'Rarely' is a negative adverb, and placing it at the start obliges the sentence to invert the auxiliary ahead of the subject.
• D) The auxiliary is moved whenever the subject is pluralPlural subjects do not cause inversion on their own.

Respuesta correcta: B) A third conditional with the if-clause inverted and the 'if' omitted

• A) A question about whether a warning was issuedThe clause is a condition, not a question, and no inversion of question formation appears.
• B) A third conditional with the if-clause inverted and the 'if' omittedPast perfect plus 'could have been' describes an unreal past situation, and the inversion is a formal alternative to beginning with 'if'.
• C) A zero conditional describing a rule that always holdsA zero conditional would use present forms in both halves.
• D) A first conditional about a possible future eventA first conditional would use a present tense condition and 'will' or 'could' in the result.

Respuesta correcta: B) She suggested that I change the plan.

• A) She suggested I to change the plan.An infinitive cannot follow a subject without the marker 'to', which is precisely the error here.
• B) She suggested that I change the plan.'Suggest' takes a that-clause with a bare infinitive or a subjunctive form, and the subject of that clause supplies the actor.
• C) She suggested me to change the plan.'Suggest' does not take an indirect object followed by an infinitive.
• D) She suggested for me to change the plan.The preposition 'for' cannot introduce an infinitive after this verb.

Respuesta correcta: C) The subject phrase is a single unit whose closest noun is singular

• A) The passive always uses the singularA passive can agree with any number, as in 'the reports were submitted late'.
• B) The word 'together' cancels the plural meaningThe preposition 'together' joins the elements and does not affect grammatical number.
• C) The subject phrase is a single unit whose closest noun is singularEnglish treats the phrase 'the report together with the appendices' as one subject, and agreement follows the head noun, which is 'report'.
• D) Two singular objects always take a singular verbTwo singular objects do not determine agreement, which depends on the subject rather than on an object.

Respuesta correcta: C) A nominal relative clause in object position, functioning as the subject of the main clause

• A) A relative clause defining the noun 'study' with commasThe clause is not a defining relative because no relative pronoun and no commas are present.
• B) An emphatic cleft sentence with a dummy subjectThere is no dummy subject; the dummy pronoun 'it' does not appear in the sentence.
• C) A nominal relative clause in object position, functioning as the subject of the main clause'What' with no relative pronoun forms a nominal clause, and because it occupies the subject position the whole clause rather than 'matters' carries the verb.
• D) A subordinate adverbial clause introduced by a conjunctionNo conjunction such as 'because' or 'although' introduces the opening clause.

Respuesta correcta: D) No sooner had the bus arrived than the exam began.

• A) No sooner the bus arrived than the exam began already.Adding 'already' does not supply the missing auxiliary and leaves the structure incomplete.
• B) No sooner had the bus arrive than the exam began.'Arrive' would be the bare form and cannot fill the inverted auxiliary position.
• C) No sooner did the bus arrive than the exam had begun.'Had begun' would place the exam before the bus, which reverses the intended order.
• D) No sooner had the bus arrived than the exam began.'No sooner' inverts the auxiliary and places the past perfect before the subject, since the arrival precedes the other event.

Respuesta correcta: B) An accompanying fact about the sequence of events before the main action

• A) A second subject for the main verbThe subject of the main clause remains 'the proposal', and a participle cannot act as a second subject.
• B) An accompanying fact about the sequence of events before the main actionA perfect participle in a phrase set off by commas describes an event completed before the main clause, adding temporal background.
• C) A reason why the proposal was rejectedThe sentence states that the proposal was approved, so rejection is contradicted.
• D) A condition for the approval of the proposalA condition would require a conditional form, which is absent from the phrase.

Respuesta correcta: D) Chief among them was the failure to deliver the equipment on time.

• A) The most important reason was the equipment that failed on time.'The most important reason was' is informal in this register and drops the formal correlative echo.
• B) Equipment was the main reason and it failed on time.'Equipment was the main reason' uses a colloquial noun subject and a bare verb, which belongs to speech.
• C) They failed to deliver it on time, which was the main thing.'They failed to deliver it' refers to no group named in the sentence and reads as spoken commentary.
• D) Chief among them was the failure to deliver the equipment on time.'Chief among them' echoes the formal listing language and names the most significant item without a verb of ranking.

Respuesta correcta: B) He asked me what I could help him with.

• A) He asked me what could I help him with.An embedded question in English keeps the subject before the verb, unlike a direct question.
• B) He asked me what I could help him with.The verb 'ask' takes an embedded question introduced directly by 'what', with no 'that' and with the subject before the verb.
• C) He asked me that what I could help him with.'Ask' does not introduce an embedded clause with 'that', which would produce a statement rather than a question.
• D) He asked to me what I could help him with.'Ask' takes its indirect object without 'to' when a clause follows, so the preposition is wrong.