Final Review English

Respuesta correcta: A) have spent

• A) have spentThis works because the present perfect 'have spent' links the weekend to a visible result right now, as 'Look!' signals.
• B) spend'Spend' is a present simple verb, and with 'I' it would need the third person 'spends' and would claim a habit.
• C) am spendingThe present continuous 'am spending' points to an action happening at this exact moment, but the weekend is already over.
• D) spentThe past simple 'spent' reports only the finished time, so it loses the link with the result that 'Look!' is showing.

Respuesta correcta: C) lived

• A) lives'Lives' in an 'if' clause with 'would' describes a general habit, not the unreal situation a second conditional imagines.
• B) is living'Is living' is the present continuous, and a second conditional 'if' clause never uses a continuous form.
• C) livedThis fits because a second conditional joins a past simple 'if' clause with 'would' plus infinitive for an unreal situation.
• D) will liveEnglish never puts 'will' in the 'if' clause of a second conditional, because the modal belongs to the main clause.

Respuesta correcta: B) She will be examined tomorrow.

• A) She will examine tomorrow.This stays in the active voice and only changes the subject; in the passive the patient 'her' has to become the subject.
• B) She will be examined tomorrow.This works because the object 'her' becomes the subject and the verb turns into 'be' plus the past participle 'examined'.
• C) She will have examined tomorrow.'Have examined' is the future perfect, which points to a result later, so it is wrong for a simple scheduled appointment.
• D) She is being examined tomorrow.'Is being examined' is a present continuous passive, so it describes an examination in progress now rather than tomorrow.

Respuesta correcta: D) The bus, which leaves at six, took my group to Arenal.

• A) The bus, that leaves at six, took my group to Arenal.'That' cannot introduce a non-defining clause, because commas mark extra information and only 'which', 'who' or 'what' can do that.
• B) The bus which leaves at six, is the one my group took.A comma cannot split a defining 'which' clause, since that clause identifies exactly which bus and cannot be removed.
• C) The bus leaves at six, so my group took it to Arenal.'So' joins two independent clauses, so it produces two sentences instead of one clause carrying extra information.
• D) The bus, which leaves at six, took my group to Arenal.This works because the commas set off extra information and 'which' is followed by the full verb 'leaves'.

Respuesta correcta: A) used to

• A) used toThis fits because 'used to' plus infinitive describes a habit or state that ended in the past, which suits his childhood.
• B) has to'Has to' expresses an obligation that still exists now, so it cannot describe a habit that stopped years ago.
• C) is used to'Is used to' means being familiar with an action and it must be followed by a gerund, such as 'is used to milking'.
• D) was used to'Was used to' expresses past familiarity and it also needs a gerund, so it cannot be followed by the infinitive 'to milk'.

Respuesta correcta: B) trying

• A) to tryVerbs such as 'offer', 'decide' and 'promise' take 'to' plus infinitive, but 'suggest' normally takes the gerund 'trying'.
• B) tryingThis works because 'suggest' is one of the verbs that must be followed by a gerund, so 'suggested trying' is correct.
• C) tryA bare infinitive after 'suggested' is not an accepted pattern; the verb needs either 'to try' or 'trying'.
• D) to trying'To trying' glues an infinitive marker to a gerund, but only one of the two forms can follow the verb.

Respuesta correcta: D) must have answered

• A) can't have answered'Can't have' plus a participle firmly rejects a past possibility, so it would contradict the evidence of the perfect score.
• B) mustn't have answered'Mustn't have' says the action was forbidden in the past, which is a statement about rules and not about deduction.
• C) shouldn't have answered'Shouldn't have' criticizes a past choice that turned out badly, so it says nothing about how easy the questions were.
• D) must have answeredThis fits because 'must have' plus a participle draws a strong conclusion about the past from clear evidence.

Respuesta correcta: A) How much information have you gathered for the presentation?

• A) How much information have you gathered for the presentation?This is right because 'information' is uncountable in English, so it takes 'much' in questions and never adds a final 's'.
• B) How many information have you gathered for the presentation?'Many' is used only with countable plural nouns, and 'information' has no plural form in English.
• C) How many informations have you gathered for the presentation?Pluralizing the noun does not make it countable, so the uncountable noun still rejects the quantifier 'many'.
• D) How much informations have you gathered for the presentation?'Informations' is not an English word, and 'much' would not fit a plural noun even if that form existed.

Respuesta correcta: C) All the computers must be upgraded by the IT team in June.

• A) All the computers in June must upgrade by the IT team.The verb 'upgrade' is still active, so the objects remain agents of the action and nothing has been made passive.
• B) All the computers must be upgrade in June by the IT team.'Must be' requires the past participle 'upgraded' to carry the passive meaning, since a bare infinitive cannot.
• C) All the computers must be upgraded by the IT team in June.This works because the modal 'must' is unchanged, the verb becomes 'be' plus 'upgraded', and the agent follows 'by'.
• D) All the computers must be upgrading by the IT team in June.'Must be upgrading' builds a continuous passive, which suggests work in progress now instead of a scheduled future upgrade.

Respuesta correcta: B) If she had taken it then, she would not be in the ward now.

• A) If she takes the medicine now, she will be better tomorrow.Both clauses are real here, so 'takes now' with 'will be better' is an ordinary first conditional prediction.
• B) If she had taken it then, she would not be in the ward now.This fits because 'had taken' marks the unreal past action and 'would not be' gives the present result.
• C) If she took it then, she would not have been in the ward.The 'if' clause is second conditional, so the result must be 'would not be', never the third conditional 'would not have been'.
• D) If she will take it now, she would not be in the ward today.A conditional 'if' clause never takes 'will', because English allows the modal only in the main clause of the conditional.

Respuesta correcta: C) Recycling in Escazu might be the most effective system.

• A) Recycling in Escazu is the best system in the whole world.This claims an absolute 'best in the world' with no hedge, so it overstates the evidence an essay should present.
• B) Recycling in Escazu works better than most other systems.A plain comparative states the comparison as proven fact, and adding 'might' or 'may' is what keeps the tone academic.
• C) Recycling in Escazu might be the most effective system.This works because the modal 'might' softens a superlative claim, keeping the argument careful without losing the point.
• D) Some people think that recycling in Escazu is effective.Naming 'some people' shifts the claim to other speakers, so it reports an opinion instead of hedging the writer's own claim.

Respuesta correcta: A) has he

• A) has heThis is correct because the tag must agree with the negative subject 'nobody', so the tag becomes positive 'has he'.
• B) hasn't he'Hasn't he' repeats the negative sense of 'nobody', so the tag would actually turn the statement into a contradiction.
• C) don't they'Don't they' fails twice: it does not match the singular subject 'nobody' and it does not copy the auxiliary 'has'.
• D) is he'Is he' cannot copy the present perfect auxiliary 'has', and it also ignores the negative subject 'nobody'.

Respuesta correcta: D) Maria's score is twice as high as Sofia's.

• A) Maria's score is more higher than Sofia's.A short comparative ending in -er cannot also take 'more', so 'more higher' would double the comparative marker.
• B) Maria scored as more points as Sofia did.A comparative adjective cannot follow 'as', because the 'as ... as' frame already marks the two sides being compared.
• C) Maria's score is as higher as Sofia's.'As' cannot be combined with the comparative suffix '-er', since the two markers would compete inside one expression.
• D) Maria's score is twice as high as Sofia's.This works because 'twice as ... as' is a valid ratio comparison, with the two 'as' parts on either side of the adjective.

Respuesta correcta: B) The

• A) An'An' only marks a vowel sound before an unspecified noun, so it is the wrong choice between 'the' and no article here.
• B) TheThis is correct because English puts 'the' before single mountains, volcanoes and rivers, so the volcano is 'the Arenal'.
• C) A'A' introduces one unspecified member of a class, which would wrongly suggest one volcano among many unnamed ones.
• D) No articleWithout any article the sentence reads as an item on a list, whereas a unique landform of this kind normally takes 'the'.

Respuesta correcta: C) I am writing to ask whether the group may visit next Friday.

• A) Hey, just wondering if maybe you could sort of let us go, thanks.The fillers 'just', 'maybe' and 'sort of' with the contraction sound casual, so the request sounds unprepared in an official email.
• B) Hey!! Can we PLEASE go?? It is going to be sooo fun!!!The repeated capitals and question marks with 'sooo' belong to chat messages between friends, not to a request for permission.
• C) I am writing to ask whether the group may visit next Friday.This works because the polite full form 'I am writing to ask whether' suits a formal request addressed to a member of staff.
• D) We would, hypothetically, perhaps consider the excursion soon.Over-hedged wording such as 'would, hypothetically, perhaps consider' sounds evasive, so the sentence never makes a clear request.

Respuesta correcta: D) The farmer said we would export less the following year.

• A) The farmer said we will export less the next year.'Will' cannot survive a past reporting verb unchanged, and 'the next year' here would still be measured from the moment of speaking.
• B) The farmer said we exported less the next year.'Exported' is the past simple, so it asserts that the exports already fell, while the original spoke about a future drop.
• C) The farmer said we would export less next year.'Next year' is a deictic time word, so leaving it unchanged makes the reported future point to the reader's own year.
• D) The farmer said we would export less the following year.This works because 'will' becomes 'would', the pronoun 'we' stays, and 'next year' becomes 'the following year'.

Respuesta correcta: B) even though

• A) so'So' expresses a result, so it would claim that low fares are caused by the slowness, which is not the intended meaning.
• B) even thoughThis works because 'even though' marks a contrast against expectation, setting a benefit against an unexpected drawback.
• C) because'Because' gives the reason for the first clause, so it would claim that the cheap fares exist because the buses are slow.
• D) otherwise'Otherwise' points to a negative result if something fails to happen, so it cannot join two true statements about the system.

Respuesta correcta: C) in

• A) to'Succeed' never takes 'to' plus an infinitive, so this wrongly copies the pattern of 'manage to', which does need 'to'.
• B) for'For' marks a reason or a substitute with other verbs, but 'succeed' accepts no preposition except 'in'.
• C) inThis is correct because 'succeed in' is a fixed collocation that keeps its preposition even before a gerund.
• D) at'At' belongs after nouns such as 'success' or 'skill', so attaching it to the verb 'succeed' breaks the pattern.

Respuesta correcta: A) In my opinion, the town's recycling program has begun to cut waste.

• A) In my opinion, the town's recycling program has begun to cut waste.This works because it drops the useless relative clause, so the claim is shorter and the main verb reaches the reader directly.
• B) The recycling program has begun, and that is what I think about it.Adding a coordinate clause with 'and that is what I think' lengthens the sentence again and replaces the point with a comment.
• C) In my opinion I think that recycling has cut waste and it is a good thing.The revision keeps the weak 'In my opinion I think that' pair and adds a second idea, so it loses the conciseness it wanted.
• D) The program has been cutting waste since it started and is much better now.'Has been cutting since it started' with 'much better now' piles on extra claims, so the conclusion ends less focused.

Respuesta correcta: D) Birds recorded in the forest fly at dusk.

• A) Birds was recorded in the forest fly at dusk.'Was recorded' is singular and passive, so it disagrees with the plural subject 'Birds' inside a reduced relative clause.
• B) Birds were hearing in the forest fly at dusk.'Were hearing' is a past continuous form, while a reduced relative clause uses only a bare past participle without an auxiliary.
• C) Birds are recorded in the forest fly at dusk.'Are recorded' is present passive, so it changes when the recording happened and leaves the sentence without a full verb phrase.
• D) Birds recorded in the forest fly at dusk.This works because the passive relative is reduced to a past participle phrase and 'fly' still agrees with plural 'Birds'.