By the time we reached the hostel, we had already walked for six hours.
Choose the sentence that correctly uses the past perfect for the earlier action.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)By the time we reached the hostel, we had already walked for six hours.
💡 Explicación
The past perfect is formed with 'had' plus the past participle and places an action clearly before another past action. 'By the time', 'after', 'before' and 'already' all signal that the earlier action needs this tense.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)By the time we reached the hostel, we had already walked for six hours.
A)By the time we reached the hostel, we had already walked for six hours.Correct! 'Had walked' is the past perfect: the walking happened before the moment of reaching the hostel.
B)By the time we reached the hostel, we already walked for six hours.'Already walked' is the past simple, which would put the two actions in the same moment instead of one before the other.
C)By the time we have reached the hostel, we had already walked for six hours.'Have reached' is a present perfect and cannot appear in a narration closed in the past.
D)By the time we reached the hostel, we have already walked for six hours.'Have already walked' is a present perfect, so the two clauses would belong to different time frames.
💡 Explicación
The past perfect is formed with 'had' plus the past participle and places an action clearly before another past action. 'By the time', 'after', 'before' and 'already' all signal that the earlier action needs this tense.
Pregunta 2
Pregunta 2 · D3Bloom: Understand
When I arrived at the party, almost all of my friends had already gone home.
Choose the correct form of the verb in brackets: 'When I arrived, my friends (go) home.'
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)When I arrived, my friends had already gone home.
💡 Explicación
Irregular verbs change their form completely in the past participle: go gone, see seen, do done, write written. The past perfect needs that participle after 'had', so 'had gone' and 'had seen' are correct while 'had go' and 'had see' are not.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)When I arrived, my friends had already gone home.
A)When I arrived, my friends already gone home.'Already gone' has no auxiliary at all, so the clause has no finite verb of its own.
B)When I arrived, my friends have already gone home.'Have gone' is a present perfect and would place the departure after the moment of arrival in the narration.
C)When I arrived, my friends had already go home.'Had go' needs the past participle after 'had', so the correct form is 'had gone'.
D)When I arrived, my friends had already gone home.Correct! 'Had gone' is 'had' plus the past participle of the irregular verb 'go', which is 'gone'.
💡 Explicación
Irregular verbs change their form completely in the past participle: go gone, see seen, do done, write written. The past perfect needs that participle after 'had', so 'had gone' and 'had seen' are correct while 'had go' and 'had see' are not.
Pregunta 3
Pregunta 3 · D4Bloom: Apply
The secretary told us that the meeting had been moved to the afternoon.
Choose the sentence that correctly uses the past perfect in a reported clause.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)The secretary told us that the meeting had been moved to the afternoon.
💡 Explicación
When reporting what somebody said in the past, an action that came before the moment of speaking takes the past perfect: she said that she had finished. Combined with the passive it gives 'had been done', which is a common structure in academic and administrative English.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)The secretary told us that the meeting had been moved to the afternoon.
A)The secretary told us that the meeting has been moved to the afternoon.'Has been moved' is a present perfect, which would date the change to the present rather than to the time of telling.
B)The secretary told us that the meeting had been moved to the afternoon.Correct! The past perfect shows that the change happened before the moment of telling, and 'had been moved' is a passive past perfect.
C)The secretary told us that the meeting was moved to the afternoon.'Was moved' is the passive past simple, which loses the earlier time reference that the reported speech requires.
D)The secretary told us that the meeting had been move to the afternoon.'Had been move' needs the past participle after 'been', and 'moved' is that participle.
💡 Explicación
When reporting what somebody said in the past, an action that came before the moment of speaking takes the past perfect: she said that she had finished. Combined with the passive it gives 'had been done', which is a common structure in academic and administrative English.
Pregunta 4
Pregunta 4 · D4Bloom: Analyze
We could not enter the museum because we had forgotten our tickets at home.
Choose the sentence that correctly explains the cause with the past perfect.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)We could not enter the museum because we had forgotten our tickets at home.
💡 Explicación
A past perfect clause frequently explains a past result: because we had missed the bus, we were late. The cause must be earlier than the effect, which is exactly what the past perfect signals.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)We could not enter the museum because we had forgotten our tickets at home.
A)We could not enter the museum because we have forgotten our tickets at home.'Have forgotten' is a present perfect and would place the forgetting after the visit instead of before it.
B)We could not enter the museum because we forgot our tickets at home.'Forgot' is the past simple, which would make the two events simultaneous and lose the cause and effect sequence.
C)We could not enter the museum because we had forgotten our tickets at home.Correct! 'Had forgotten' is the past perfect, which places the forgetting before the moment of arriving at the closed museum.
D)We could not enter the museum because we had forget our tickets at home.'Had forget' needs the past participle after 'had', so the correct form is 'had forgotten'.
💡 Explicación
A past perfect clause frequently explains a past result: because we had missed the bus, we were late. The cause must be earlier than the effect, which is exactly what the past perfect signals.
Pregunta 5
Pregunta 5 · D5Bloom: Evaluate
After she had finished her presentation, the class asked her several questions.
Choose the sentence that correctly places the past perfect before the past simple.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)After she had finished her presentation, the class asked her questions.
💡 Explicación
The past perfect is the tense of sequence in the past: one event happened, and then another one followed. Words such as 'after', 'before', 'when', 'by the time' and 'already' all tell the reader which of the two events came first.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)After she had finished her presentation, the class asked her questions.
A)After she had finished her presentation, the class asked her questions.Correct! The presentation ended before the questions began, so 'had finished' correctly places it earlier.
B)After she has finished her presentation, the class asked her questions.'Has finished' is a present perfect and would make the presentation end at the present moment, after the questions.
C)After she finished her presentation, the class asked her questions.'Finished' is the past simple, which leaves the two events at the same level and hides the order between them.
D)After she had finish her presentation, the class asked her questions.'Had finish' needs the past participle 'finished' after 'had'.
💡 Explicación
The past perfect is the tense of sequence in the past: one event happened, and then another one followed. Words such as 'after', 'before', 'when', 'by the time' and 'already' all tell the reader which of the two events came first.
Pregunta 6
Pregunta 6 · D4Bloom: Remember
He didn't understand the film because he had never seen the novel it was based on.
Choose the sentence that correctly uses 'never' with the past perfect.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)He didn't understand the film because he had never seen the novel.
💡 Explicación
'Never', 'ever' and 'before' are adverbs that can be placed between the auxiliary and the participle of a perfect tense: had never seen, have never visited, had already left. The adverb refers to the whole period up to the point marked by the perfect tense.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)He didn't understand the film because he had never seen the novel.
A)He didn't understand the film because he has never seen the novel.'Has never seen' is a present perfect, so it would describe the present and not the time of watching the film.
B)He didn't understand the film because he never saw the novel.'Never saw' is the past simple and would place the experience at the same time as the film rather than before it.
C)He didn't understand the film because he had never seen the novel.Correct! 'Had never seen' places an experience that ended before the moment of watching the film.
D)He didn't understand the film because he had never saw the novel.'Had never saw' uses the past simple after 'had'; the past perfect requires the past participle 'seen'.
💡 Explicación
'Never', 'ever' and 'before' are adverbs that can be placed between the auxiliary and the participle of a perfect tense: had never seen, have never visited, had already left. The adverb refers to the whole period up to the point marked by the perfect tense.
Pregunta 7
Pregunta 7 · D5Bloom: Understand
By the end of the trip, we had visited three provinces and had climbed two volcanoes.
Choose the sentence that correctly uses two past perfect forms.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)By the end of the trip, we had visited three provinces and had climbed two volcanoes.
💡 Explicación
With two verbs sharing the same auxiliary, English repeats the auxiliary: 'we had visited and had climbed' rather than 'we had visited and climbed'. This repetition keeps both actions equally placed in the past, before the reference point.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)By the end of the trip, we had visited three provinces and had climbed two volcanoes.
A)By the end of the trip, we had visited three provinces and have climbed two volcanoes.'Have climbed' is a present perfect, which would place the second action after the end of the trip.
B)By the end of the trip, we visited three provinces and had climbed two volcanoes.'Visited' is the past simple, which would leave the first action at the same level as the reference point instead of before it.
C)By the end of the trip, we had visit three provinces and had climb two volcanoes.'Had visit' and 'had climb' need the past participles 'visited' and 'climbed' after 'had'.
D)By the end of the trip, we had visited three provinces and had climbed two volcanoes.Correct! Both verbs are in the past perfect, since both actions were completed before the end of the trip.
💡 Explicación
With two verbs sharing the same auxiliary, English repeats the auxiliary: 'we had visited and had climbed' rather than 'we had visited and climbed'. This repetition keeps both actions equally placed in the past, before the reference point.
Pregunta 8
Pregunta 8 · D3Bloom: Apply
The exercise was difficult because some of the vocabulary had changed since the textbook was published.
Choose the sentence that correctly contrasts the past perfect with the passive.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)The exercise was difficult because some vocabulary had changed since the book was published.
💡 Explicación
A sentence can easily combine the past perfect with the passive past simple when two past events must be ordered: the class had started before the teacher arrived. Both tenses are needed, and the sequence is decided by which event caused the other.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)The exercise was difficult because some vocabulary had changed since the book was published.
A)The exercise was difficult because some vocabulary has changed since the book was published.'Has changed' is a present perfect and would describe a change that is still relevant now rather than one that had already happened.
B)The exercise was difficult because some vocabulary had changed since the book was published.Correct! 'Had changed' is the past perfect and 'was published' is the passive past simple, so the publication comes first.
C)The exercise was difficult because some vocabulary had been change since the book was published.'Had been change' needs the past participle after 'been', and 'changed' is that participle.
D)The exercise was difficult because some vocabulary changed since the book was published.'Changed' is the past simple and loses the order between the change and the publication.
💡 Explicación
A sentence can easily combine the past perfect with the passive past simple when two past events must be ordered: the class had started before the teacher arrived. Both tenses are needed, and the sequence is decided by which event caused the other.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta 9 · D4Bloom: Analyze
I realised I had left my wallet at home only when the shopkeeper asked me to pay.
Choose the sentence that correctly places the realisation after the earlier action.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)I realised I had left my wallet at home only when the shopkeeper asked me to pay.
💡 Explicación
Realisation verbs such as 'realise', 'understand' and 'notice' are often followed by a past perfect clause, because what is realised comes after the fact that is realised. The order is a matter of time, not of grammar, but the past perfect is the only tense that expresses it.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)I realised I had left my wallet at home only when the shopkeeper asked me to pay.
A)I realised I had left my wallet at home only when the shopkeeper asked me to pay.Correct! 'Had left' places the loss of the wallet before the moment of realising it, which the past perfect expresses.
B)I realised I have left my wallet at home only when the shopkeeper asked me to pay.'Have left' is a present perfect and would place the loss of the wallet after the moment of realising it.
C)I realised I left my wallet at home only when the shopkeeper asked me to pay.'Left' is the past simple and would make the two events simultaneous, removing the order the sentence depends on.
D)I realised I had left my wallet at home only when the shopkeeper asks me to pay.'Asks' is a present simple and would place the shopkeeper's demand in the present rather than in that past moment.
💡 Explicación
Realisation verbs such as 'realise', 'understand' and 'notice' are often followed by a past perfect clause, because what is realised comes after the fact that is realised. The order is a matter of time, not of grammar, but the past perfect is the only tense that expresses it.
Pregunta 10
Pregunta 10 · D5Bloom: Evaluate
The rescue team reached the village after the flood had already destroyed two houses.
Choose the sentence that correctly marks the earlier event with the past perfect.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)The rescue team reached the village after the flood had already destroyed two houses.
💡 Explicación
'Already' placed after 'had' emphasises that the earlier action was complete before the second one began. This combination, 'had already plus participle', is one of the standard ways of showing sequence in narrative writing.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)The rescue team reached the village after the flood had already destroyed two houses.
A)The rescue team reached the village after the flood already destroyed two houses.'Already destroyed' is the past simple, so the destruction and the arrival would appear to happen at the same moment.
B)The rescue team reached the village after the flood had already destroyed two houses.Correct! 'Reached' is the past simple and 'had already destroyed' is the earlier event marked by the past perfect and by 'already'.
C)The rescue team reached the village after the flood has already destroyed two houses.'Has already destroyed' is a present perfect and would describe a destruction that is still current now.
D)The rescue team reached the village after the flood had already destroy two houses.'Had already destroy' needs the past participle 'destroyed' after 'had'.
💡 Explicación
'Already' placed after 'had' emphasises that the earlier action was complete before the second one began. This combination, 'had already plus participle', is one of the standard ways of showing sequence in narrative writing.
Pregunta 11
Pregunta 11 · D3Bloom: Remember
She explained that she had not been to the coast because the road had been closed.
Choose the sentence that correctly uses two past perfect forms in reported speech.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)She explained that she had not been to the coast because the road had been closed.
💡 Explicación
Reported speech in the past often shifts one tense back: a present perfect becomes a past perfect. When two clauses in the report need that shift, both take 'had' plus the past participle, as in 'she said that she had not called and that the line had been down'.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)She explained that she had not been to the coast because the road had been closed.
A)She explained that she had not be to the coast because the road had been closed.'Had not be' needs the past participle 'been' after 'not' in the perfect.
B)She explained that she has not been to the coast because the road had been closed.'Has not been' is a present perfect and would date the absence of the visit to the present, after the moment of speaking.
C)She explained that she had not been to the coast because the road was closed.'Was closed' is the passive past simple, which removes the order between the closure and the decision not to travel.
D)She explained that she had not been to the coast because the road had been closed.Correct! Both actions are placed before the moment of speaking: not going to the coast and the closure of the road.
💡 Explicación
Reported speech in the past often shifts one tense back: a present perfect becomes a past perfect. When two clauses in the report need that shift, both take 'had' plus the past participle, as in 'she said that she had not called and that the line had been down'.
Pregunta 12
Pregunta 12 · D3Bloom: Understand
Nobody answered because everybody had left the room before the announcement.
Choose the sentence that correctly places the departure before the announcement.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)Nobody answered because everybody had left the room before the announcement.
💡 Explicación
'Everybody' is a singular pronoun, so it takes 'had' in the past perfect just as it takes 'has' in the present perfect. The verb 'leave' is irregular, so its past participle is 'left', not 'leaved'.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)Nobody answered because everybody had left the room before the announcement.
A)Nobody answered because everybody had leave the room before the announcement.'Had leave' needs the past participle 'left' after 'had'.
B)Nobody answered because everybody have left the room before the announcement.'Have left' is a present perfect and would place the departure after the moment of asking.
C)Nobody answered because everybody had left the room before the announcement.Correct! 'Had left' is the past perfect and makes the departure an event completed before the announcement was made.
D)Nobody answered because everybody left the room before the announcement.'Left' is the past simple and would make the departure simultaneous with the announcement.
💡 Explicación
'Everybody' is a singular pronoun, so it takes 'had' in the past perfect just as it takes 'has' in the present perfect. The verb 'leave' is irregular, so its past participle is 'left', not 'leaved'.
Pregunta 13
Pregunta 13 · D4Bloom: Apply
By the time the ambulance arrived, the driver of the bus had already been taken to hospital.
Choose the sentence that correctly uses the passive past perfect.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)By the time the ambulance arrived, the driver had already been taken to hospital.
💡 Explicación
The passive past perfect has the form 'had been' plus the past participle and is used when the action was received rather than performed. It is common in reports: the damage had been repaired, the thief had been arrested, the results had been published.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)By the time the ambulance arrived, the driver had already been taken to hospital.
A)By the time the ambulance arrived, the driver had already been taken to hospital.Correct! 'Had already been taken' is the passive past perfect, which shows that the removal to hospital happened before the ambulance reached the scene.
B)By the time the ambulance arrived, the driver have already been taken to hospital.'Have already been taken' is a present perfect, so the removal would be presented as current rather than as an earlier event.
C)By the time the ambulance arrived, the driver had already been take to hospital.'Been take' needs the past participle 'taken' after 'been'.
D)By the time the ambulance arrived, the driver has already taken to hospital.'Has already taken' is an active present perfect and does not express the passive meaning that the situation requires.
💡 Explicación
The passive past perfect has the form 'had been' plus the past participle and is used when the action was received rather than performed. It is common in reports: the damage had been repaired, the thief had been arrested, the results had been published.
Pregunta 14
Pregunta 14 · D4Bloom: Analyze
Did you know the answer? No, I hadn't studied that chapter yet.
Choose the exchange that correctly uses the past perfect.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)Did you know the answer? No, I hadn't studied that chapter yet.
💡 Explicación
The negative past perfect is 'had not' plus the past participle, contracted to 'hadn't'. 'Yet' at the end of the sentence points to that tense, because it asks whether something had happened by a moment in the past.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)Did you know the answer? No, I hadn't studied that chapter yet.
A)Did you know the answer? No, I didn't studied that chapter yet.'Didn't studied' mixes a past auxiliary with a past form of the verb, which English does not allow.
B)Did you know the answer? No, I hadn't study that chapter yet.'Hadn't study' needs the past participle after 'hadn't', so the correct form is 'hadn't studied'.
C)Did you know the answer? No, I hadn't studied that chapter yet.Correct! 'Hadn't studied' is the negative past perfect, with the past participle 'studied' following the auxiliary.
D)Did you know the answer? No, I not had studied that chapter yet.A negative clause places the auxiliary before 'not', so 'not had' is not the word order of English.
💡 Explicación
The negative past perfect is 'had not' plus the past participle, contracted to 'hadn't'. 'Yet' at the end of the sentence points to that tense, because it asks whether something had happened by a moment in the past.
Pregunta 15
Pregunta 15 · D5Bloom: Evaluate
The museum guide explained that the paintings had been restored before the exhibition opened.
Choose the sentence that correctly reports two past events in order.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)The guide explained that the paintings had been restored before the exhibition opened.
💡 Explicación
Reporting a sequence of two past events requires the past perfect for the first and a simple past form for the second. This backshift in reported speech is one of the main reasons the past perfect appears so often in academic reporting.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)The guide explained that the paintings had been restored before the exhibition opened.
A)The guide explained that the paintings have been restored before the exhibition opened.'Have been restored' is a present perfect and would place the restoration at the present rather than before the opening.
B)The guide explained that the paintings had been restored before the exhibition opened.Correct! The restoration was completed before the exhibition opened, which is exactly what 'had been restored' before 'opened' states.
C)The guide explained that the paintings had been restore before the exhibition opened.'Had been restore' needs the past participle 'restored' after 'been'.
D)The guide explained that the paintings was restored before the exhibition opened.'Was restored' is the passive past simple and loses the order between the restoration and the opening.
💡 Explicación
Reporting a sequence of two past events requires the past perfect for the first and a simple past form for the second. This backshift in reported speech is one of the main reasons the past perfect appears so often in academic reporting.
Pregunta 16
Pregunta 16 · D4Bloom: Remember
He apologised because he had forgotten the appointment with the dentist.
Choose the correct past participle of 'forget'.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)He apologised because he had forgotten the appointment.
💡 Explicación
Verbs of obligation and memory are often irregular: forget forgot forgotten, bring brought brought, seek sought sought. Their participles have to be learned as a third form, separate from the past simple.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)He apologised because he had forgotten the appointment.
A)He apologised because he had forgetting the appointment.'Forgetting' is an -ing form and belongs to the continuous tenses, not to the past perfect.
B)He apologised because he had forget the appointment.'Had forget' uses the base form after the auxiliary; the past perfect needs the past participle.
C)He apologised because he had forgotted the appointment.'Forgotted' adds -ed to an irregular verb, a formation English does not use with 'forget'.
D)He apologised because he had forgotten the appointment.Correct! 'Forgotten' is the past participle of 'forget', and 'had forgotten' is the correct past perfect form.
💡 Explicación
Verbs of obligation and memory are often irregular: forget forgot forgotten, bring brought brought, seek sought sought. Their participles have to be learned as a third form, separate from the past simple.
Pregunta 17
Pregunta 17 · D5Bloom: Understand
When we got to the station, the train had already left without us.
Choose the sentence that correctly reports the earlier departure.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)When we got to the station, the train had already left without us.
💡 Explicación
'Without us' adds the idea that the other people were not included in the action, which is a prepositional phrase rather than part of the verb phrase. The tense of the sentence is decided by 'had already left'.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)When we got to the station, the train had already left without us.
A)When we got to the station, the train had already left without us.Correct! 'Had already left' places the departure before the moment of arrival at the station.
B)When we got to the station, the train have already left without us.'Have already left' is a present perfect and would place the departure after the moment described.
C)When we got to the station, the train had already leaved without us.'Had already leaved' applies the -ed rule to the irregular verb 'leave', whose past participle is 'left'.
D)When we got to the station, the train has already left without us.'Has already left' is a present perfect, so it would contradict the past time frame of the sentence.
💡 Explicación
'Without us' adds the idea that the other people were not included in the action, which is a prepositional phrase rather than part of the verb phrase. The tense of the sentence is decided by 'had already left'.
Pregunta 18
Pregunta 18 · D3Bloom: Apply
The report that you sent me contained information I had not seen before.
Choose the sentence that correctly uses the past perfect inside a that clause.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)The report that you sent me contained information I had not seen before.
💡 Explicación
A relative clause in a sentence about the past normally takes a past tense, and the main clause can then contain a past perfect for information that was new at the time. The two tenses are independent and each has its own subject.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)The report that you sent me contained information I had not seen before.
A)The report that you send me contained information I had not seen before.'Send' is the present simple and cannot describe the sending of a report that is already in the past.
B)The report that you sent me contained information I had not seen before.Correct! 'Sent' is the past simple of the relative clause and 'had not seen' places the new information before the moment of reading.
C)The report that you sent me contained information I have not seen before.'Have not seen' is a present perfect and would describe the reader's present situation rather than the information new at the time of reading.
D)The report that you sent me contained information I had not see before.'Had not see' needs the past participle 'seen' after 'had not'.
💡 Explicación
A relative clause in a sentence about the past normally takes a past tense, and the main clause can then contain a past perfect for information that was new at the time. The two tenses are independent and each has its own subject.
Pregunta 19
Pregunta 19 · D4Bloom: Analyze
After they had finished the presentation, the judges asked them three questions.
Choose the sentence that correctly places the questions after the presentation.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)After they had finished the presentation, the judges asked them three questions.
💡 Explicación
Misplacing the past perfect reverses the meaning of a narrative: asking the questions before the presentation rather than after it. Working out which of two events is the earlier one is what decides where 'had' goes.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)After they had finished the presentation, the judges asked them three questions.
A)After they had finish the presentation, the judges asked them three questions.'Had finish' needs the past participle 'finished' after 'had'.
B)After they have finished the presentation, the judges asked them three questions.'Have finished' is a present perfect and would place the end of the presentation after the questions.
C)After they finished the presentation, the judges had asked them three questions.The order is inverted: the presentation ended before the questions, so the past perfect belongs to the first clause and not to the second.
D)After they had finished the presentation, the judges asked them three questions.Correct! 'Had finished' comes first in time and the 'after' clause with it makes that order explicit.
💡 Explicación
Misplacing the past perfect reverses the meaning of a narrative: asking the questions before the presentation rather than after it. Working out which of two events is the earlier one is what decides where 'had' goes.
Pregunta 20
Pregunta 20 · D5Bloom: Evaluate
The soil had become dry before the rainy season arrived, so the farmers worried.
Choose the sentence that correctly shows that one state preceded another.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)The soil had become dry before the rainy season arrived.
💡 Explicación
The verb 'become' is one of a group whose past participle is the bare base form: become became become, come came come, run ran run. These forms must be memorised because no rule produces them.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)The soil had become dry before the rainy season arrived.
A)The soil had become dry before the rainy season will arrive.'Will arrive' is a future form and cannot be used inside a narration that is closed in the past.
B)The soil has become dry before the rainy season arrived.'Has become' is a present perfect and would place the drying of the soil after the rainy season.
C)The soil had become dry before the rainy season arrived.Correct! 'Had become' is the past perfect of the verb 'become', whose past participle is 'become' without any ending.
D)The soil had became dry before the rainy season arrived.'Had became' adds -ed to an irregular verb; the past participle of 'become' is 'become'.
💡 Explicación
The verb 'become' is one of a group whose past participle is the bare base form: become became become, come came come, run ran run. These forms must be memorised because no rule produces them.
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