This task is really difficult. I ___ finish it before Friday.
Choose the modal that expresses ability in the present.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)I can't finish it before Friday, so I need more time.
💡 Explicación
The modals 'can', 'could', 'may', 'might', 'must', 'should' and 'will' are followed by the base form of the verb with no infinitive marker and no ending. They are already negative in their contracted forms, which is why 'can not' never appears beside 'not'.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)I can't finish it before Friday, so I need more time.
A)I can't finish it before Friday, so I need more time.Correct! 'Can't' is the contracted negative of 'cannot' and is followed by the base form of the verb.
B)I not can finish it before Friday, so I need more time.A modal verb is already negative in form, so 'not' cannot be placed in front of it.
C)I can't to finish it before Friday, so I need more time.'Can't to' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal; modals are always followed by the base form.
D)I am can finish it before Friday, so I need more time.'Am can' combines two auxiliaries that cannot appear together in the same verb phrase.
💡 Explicación
The modals 'can', 'could', 'may', 'might', 'must', 'should' and 'will' are followed by the base form of the verb with no infinitive marker and no ending. They are already negative in their contracted forms, which is why 'can not' never appears beside 'not'.
Pregunta 2
Pregunta 2 · D3Bloom: Understand
When I was ten, I ___ swim across the river, but now I can't.
Choose the modal that expresses past ability.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)When I was ten, I could swim across the river.
💡 Explicación
'Could' is the past of 'can' and is used both for past ability and for polite requests in the present. It never takes an infinitive marker, so 'could to swim' is not English.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)When I was ten, I could swim across the river.
A)When I was ten, I was could swim across the river.'Was could' combines the auxiliary 'was' with the modal 'could', which is not a valid combination.
B)When I was ten, I can swim across the river.'Can' describes a present ability, so it contradicts the later statement that the speaker cannot swim now.
C)When I was ten, I could to swim across the river.'Could to' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'could swim'.
D)When I was ten, I could swim across the river.Correct! 'Could' is the past form of 'can' and describes an ability that existed in the past.
💡 Explicación
'Could' is the past of 'can' and is used both for past ability and for polite requests in the present. It never takes an infinitive marker, so 'could to swim' is not English.
Pregunta 3
Pregunta 3 · D4Bloom: Apply
You ___ drive without a licence; the police will fine you if they catch you.
Complete the sentence with the modal that expresses prohibition.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)You must not drive without a licence.
💡 Explicación
'Must' expresses strong obligation, 'must not' expresses a total prohibition and 'don't have to' expresses the absence of any obligation. Confusing the last two is the most frequent error with this trio.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)You must not drive without a licence.
A)You must not to drive without a licence.'Must not to' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
B)You must not drive without a licence.Correct! 'Must not' expresses a prohibition, which is the opposite of the obligation carried by 'must' alone.
C)You not must drive without a licence.'Not must' places 'not' before the modal, but a modal already carries its own negation with 'must not'.
D)You must driving without a licence.'Must driving' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'must not drive'.
💡 Explicación
'Must' expresses strong obligation, 'must not' expresses a total prohibition and 'don't have to' expresses the absence of any obligation. Confusing the last two is the most frequent error with this trio.
Pregunta 4
Pregunta 4 · D4Bloom: Analyze
Could you open the window? It's very hot in here.
Choose the correct form of the polite request.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)Could you open the window, please?
💡 Explicación
Requests are made polite by using 'could', 'would' or 'might' together with 'you' and the base form. 'Could you send me the file?' is the standard polite version of 'Can you send me the file?' in both speech and writing.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)Could you open the window, please?
A)Could you open the window? No, you could not.The second line turns the request into a statement about an impossibility and does not answer the question.
B)Could you opening the window, please?'Could you opening' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'could you open'.
C)Could you open the window, please?Correct! 'Could you' is the most polite way to ask for something, and the modal is followed by the base form.
D)Can you opened the window, please?'Can you opened' places a past participle after 'can', which is not the form a modal requires.
💡 Explicación
Requests are made polite by using 'could', 'would' or 'might' together with 'you' and the base form. 'Could you send me the file?' is the standard polite version of 'Can you send me the file?' in both speech and writing.
Pregunta 5
Pregunta 5 · D5Bloom: Evaluate
It's raining and we have no umbrella. We ___ walk home.
Complete the sentence with the modal that expresses a strong possibility in the present.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)We might have to walk home if it keeps raining.
💡 Explicación
'Might', 'may' and 'could' all express possibility, and each one can be followed by another verb phrase such as 'have to go', 'be late' or 'need to leave'. A modal of possibility combined with an obligation modal is a frequent construction in spoken English.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)We might have to walk home if it keeps raining.
A)We might have to walk home if it keeps raining.Correct! 'Might' plus 'have to' reports a possible obligation in the future, which fits the situation described.
B)We might has to walk home if it keeps raining.'Might has' mixes a modal with another auxiliary; 'might' already carries the modal meaning on its own.
C)We might to walk home if it keeps raining.'Might to' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
D)We are might to walk home if it keeps raining.'Are might' combines the auxiliary 'are' with the modal 'might', which is not grammatical in English.
💡 Explicación
'Might', 'may' and 'could' all express possibility, and each one can be followed by another verb phrase such as 'have to go', 'be late' or 'need to leave'. A modal of possibility combined with an obligation modal is a frequent construction in spoken English.
Pregunta 6
Pregunta 6 · D4Bloom: Remember
We have to be there by eight, so we really ___ leave now.
Choose the modal that expresses the speaker's opinion about what is necessary.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)We really should leave now, because we have to be there by eight.
💡 Explicación
'Should' gives advice, 'must' and 'have to' give rules or requirements and 'ought to' is a formal alternative to 'should'. All of them are followed by the base form of the verb.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)We really should leave now, because we have to be there by eight.
A)We really should leaving now, because we have to be there by eight.'Should leaving' needs the base form after the modal rather than the -ing form.
B)We really should to leave now, because we have to be there by eight.'Should to' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'should leave'.
C)We really should leave now, because we have to be there by eight.Correct! 'Should' expresses advice based on the situation, while 'have to' states the external requirement.
D)We really are should leave now, because we have to be there by eight.'Are should' combines the auxiliary 'are' with the modal 'should', which is not a valid combination.
💡 Explicación
'Should' gives advice, 'must' and 'have to' give rules or requirements and 'ought to' is a formal alternative to 'should'. All of them are followed by the base form of the verb.
Pregunta 7
Pregunta 7 · D5Bloom: Understand
The instructions say that we ___ use the laboratory without a supervisor.
Choose the modal that expresses a formal obligation in written rules.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)We must not use the laboratory without a supervisor.
💡 Explicación
Written instructions and regulations are usually expressed with 'must', 'must not' and 'should'. These modals describe obligations that come from outside the speaker, unlike 'can' and 'might', which describe possibility.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)We must not use the laboratory without a supervisor.
A)We must to not use the laboratory without a supervisor.'Must to not' inserts a second infinitive marker after the modal, which is not English.
B)We must not using the laboratory without a supervisor.'Must not using' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'must not use'.
C)We not must use the laboratory without a supervisor.'Not must' places 'not' before the modal, which is not how English forms a negative with modals.
D)We must not use the laboratory without a supervisor.Correct! 'Must not' states a formal prohibition written in the rules of the laboratory.
💡 Explicación
Written instructions and regulations are usually expressed with 'must', 'must not' and 'should'. These modals describe obligations that come from outside the speaker, unlike 'can' and 'might', which describe possibility.
Pregunta 8
Pregunta 8 · D3Bloom: Apply
I'm not sure, but she ___ be at home now; her car is in the driveway.
Choose the modal that expresses a possible situation that the speaker cannot confirm.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)She may be at home now, because her car is in the driveway.
💡 Explicación
'May', 'might' and 'could' all express uncertainty about a present situation. 'May' is the most formal of the three, 'might' is the most common in speech and 'could' is often used for a possibility the speaker would rather not think about.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)She may be at home now, because her car is in the driveway.
A)She may being at home now, because her car is in the driveway.'May being' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'may be'.
B)She may be at home now, because her car is in the driveway.Correct! 'May be' expresses a possibility that the speaker cannot confirm, and the evidence supports it.
C)She may to be at home now, because her car is in the driveway.'May to be' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
D)She is may be at home now, because her car is in the driveway.'Is may' combines the auxiliary 'is' with the modal 'may', which is not grammatical in English.
💡 Explicación
'May', 'might' and 'could' all express uncertainty about a present situation. 'May' is the most formal of the three, 'might' is the most common in speech and 'could' is often used for a possibility the speaker would rather not think about.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta 9 · D4Bloom: Analyze
The plane will take off in twenty minutes. We ___ go to the gate now.
Choose the modal that expresses obligation deduced from the situation.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)We must go to the gate now, because the flight is about to leave.
💡 Explicación
'Must' has two uses: strong obligation and strong deduction about what is certainly true. In both cases it is followed by the base form and never changes for the third person singular.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)We must go to the gate now, because the flight is about to leave.
A)We must go to the gate now, because the flight is about to leave.Correct! 'Must' expresses the strong deduction that the situation leaves no other possibility.
B)We must going to the gate now, because the flight is about to leave.'Must going' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'must go'.
C)We must to go to the gate now, because the flight is about to leave.'Must to' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
D)We musts go to the gate now, because the flight is about to leave.'Musts' is not a form of the modal; the third person singular of 'must' is the same 'must'.
💡 Explicación
'Must' has two uses: strong obligation and strong deduction about what is certainly true. In both cases it is followed by the base form and never changes for the third person singular.
Pregunta 10
Pregunta 10 · D5Bloom: Evaluate
You ___ touch the paintings; some of them are two hundred years old.
Complete the sentence with the modal that expresses a clear prohibition.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)You must not touch the paintings.
💡 Explicación
'Must not' is the strongest prohibition available and is used in warnings, signs and instructions. For a softer version, 'shouldn't' or 'better not' can be used instead, all with the base form of the verb.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)You must not touch the paintings.
A)You must not to touch the paintings.'Must not to' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
B)You must not touch the paintings.Correct! 'Must not' expresses a total prohibition, which is what the age of the paintings requires.
C)You not must touch the paintings.'Not must' places 'not' before the modal, but the negative form of 'must' is 'must not'.
D)You must touches the paintings.'Must touches' carries the third person ending after the modal, which is never the case in English.
💡 Explicación
'Must not' is the strongest prohibition available and is used in warnings, signs and instructions. For a softer version, 'shouldn't' or 'better not' can be used instead, all with the base form of the verb.
Pregunta 11
Pregunta 11 · D3Bloom: Remember
He studied medicine, so he ___ be able to help with that injury.
Choose the modal that expresses a deduction based on evidence.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)He must be able to help, because he studied medicine.
💡 Explicación
A deduction with 'must' is followed by the base form, so the verb that comes next may itself be a form of 'be': he must be tired, he must be at home, she must be reading. The evidence in the sentence makes the conclusion strong.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)He must be able to help, because he studied medicine.
A)He musts be able to help, because he studied medicine.'Musts' is not a form of the modal; 'must' is identical for every person of the present.
B)He must be able to helping, because he studied medicine.'Must be helping' is the past continuous plus a modal and does not express a deduction about ability.
C)He must to be able to help, because he studied medicine.'Must to be' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
D)He must be able to help, because he studied medicine.Correct! 'Must be' expresses a deduction that follows logically from the study he completed.
💡 Explicación
A deduction with 'must' is followed by the base form, so the verb that comes next may itself be a form of 'be': he must be tired, he must be at home, she must be reading. The evidence in the sentence makes the conclusion strong.
Pregunta 12
Pregunta 12 · D3Bloom: Understand
Where are the keys? They ___ be in my bag, but I can't find them.
Choose the modal that expresses a guess about a present situation.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)They may be in my bag, but I can't find them.
💡 Explicación
Hypotheses about the present are expressed with 'may', 'might' or 'could'. When the modal is followed by the verb 'to be', the sequence is 'may be', which is often heard as a single word in fast speech.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)They may be in my bag, but I can't find them.
A)They may to be in my bag, but I can't find them.'May to be' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
B)They may being in my bag, but I can't find them.'May being' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'may be'.
C)They may be in my bag, but I can't find them.Correct! 'May be' presents a reasonable hypothesis about the present that the speaker cannot confirm.
D)They are may be in my bag, but I can't find them.'Are may' combines the auxiliary 'are' with the modal 'may', which is not grammatical in English.
💡 Explicación
Hypotheses about the present are expressed with 'may', 'might' or 'could'. When the modal is followed by the verb 'to be', the sequence is 'may be', which is often heard as a single word in fast speech.
Pregunta 13
Pregunta 13 · D4Bloom: Apply
Don't worry about the exam. You ___ be able to do much better than you think.
Choose the sentence that correctly reassures the listener with a modal.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)You must be able to do much better than you think.
💡 Explicación
A modal is always followed by a verb, so 'must' requires 'be' before an adjective: it must be cold. Modal combinations such as 'must be able', 'should have' and 'can't have' are fixed phrases built with that same structure.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)You must be able to do much better than you think.
A)You must be able to do much better than you think.Correct! 'Must be able' expresses a confident prediction about what the listener is capable of doing.
B)You must being able to do much better than you think.'Must being' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'must be'.
C)You must to be able to do much better than you think.'Must to be' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
D)You must able to do much better than you think.'Must able' is missing the verb 'be' between the modal and the adjective 'able'.
💡 Explicación
A modal is always followed by a verb, so 'must' requires 'be' before an adjective: it must be cold. Modal combinations such as 'must be able', 'should have' and 'can't have' are fixed phrases built with that same structure.
Pregunta 14
Pregunta 14 · D4Bloom: Analyze
You have been working for nine hours. You ___ go home and rest now.
Choose the modal that gives a strong recommendation.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)You had better go home and rest now.
💡 Explicación
'Had better' is used to warn somebody about the consequences of continuing: you had better leave now. It is followed by the base form and is slightly less strong than 'must' but stronger than 'should'.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)You had better go home and rest now.
A)You had better going home and rest now.'Had better going' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'had better go'.
B)You had better stay home and rest now.'Stay home' is a different recommendation from going out; the situation calls for going home and resting, not for staying in.
C)You had better go home and rest now.Correct! 'Had better' is the standard form for a strong recommendation and is followed by the base form.
D)You had better to going home and rest now.'Better to going' mixes an infinitive marker with an -ing form, which is not a construction in English.
💡 Explicación
'Had better' is used to warn somebody about the consequences of continuing: you had better leave now. It is followed by the base form and is slightly less strong than 'must' but stronger than 'should'.
Pregunta 15
Pregunta 15 · D5Bloom: Evaluate
Visitors ___ use their own food in the dormitory; the kitchen is shared.
Choose the modal that expresses a rule in an institutional notice.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)Visitors must not use their own food in the dormitory.
💡 Explicación
Institutional English relies on 'must', 'must not' and 'should'. These modals are chosen by the writer according to how firm the rule is, and they never change form for the third person singular.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)Visitors must not use their own food in the dormitory.
A)Visitors must not using their own food in the dormitory.'Must not using' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'must not use'.
B)Visitors must not use their own food in the dormitory.Correct! 'Must not' is the phrasing used in a formal notice to state a rule that is not permitted.
C)Visitors not must use their own food in the dormitory.'Not must' places 'not' in front of the modal instead of after it, which is not the word order of English.
D)Visitors must to not use their own food in the dormitory.'Must to not' adds a second infinitive marker after the modal and is not grammatical.
💡 Explicación
Institutional English relies on 'must', 'must not' and 'should'. These modals are chosen by the writer according to how firm the rule is, and they never change form for the third person singular.
Pregunta 16
Pregunta 16 · D4Bloom: Remember
It ___ rain tomorrow, but I am not sure; the forecast is uncertain.
Choose the modal that expresses an uncertain prediction about the weather.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)It might rain tomorrow, but I am not sure.
💡 Explicación
Weather predictions are frequently hedged with 'might', 'could' or 'may'. The choice between them depends on how confident the speaker is: 'will' for certainty, 'probably' for a firm expectation and 'might' for a real doubt.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)It might rain tomorrow, but I am not sure.
A)It might raining tomorrow, but I am not sure.'Might raining' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'might rain'.
B)It might rains tomorrow, but I am not sure.'Might rains' adds the third person ending, but after a modal the verb keeps its base form.
C)It might to rain tomorrow, but I am not sure.'Might to rain' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
D)It might rain tomorrow, but I am not sure.Correct! 'Might' plus the base form expresses a probable but uncertain prediction about tomorrow.
💡 Explicación
Weather predictions are frequently hedged with 'might', 'could' or 'may'. The choice between them depends on how confident the speaker is: 'will' for certainty, 'probably' for a firm expectation and 'might' for a real doubt.
Pregunta 17
Pregunta 17 · D5Bloom: Understand
She ___ speak three languages, which is why she got the job at the embassy.
Choose the modal that explains a past success by an existing ability.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)She can speak three languages, which is why she got the job.
💡 Explicación
'Can' describes ability in the present and 'could' describes ability in the past or a polite possibility. Neither takes the -s of the third person singular, because modals have no inflection for person or number.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)She can speak three languages, which is why she got the job.
A)She can speak three languages, which is why she got the job.Correct! 'Can speak' expresses the ability that explains the success, and the verb stays in the base form.
B)She cans speak three languages, which is why she got the job.'Cans' is not a form of the modal; 'can' is identical for every person of the present.
C)She can to speak three languages, which is why she got the job.'Can to speak' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
D)She can speaking three languages, which is why she got the job.'Can speaking' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'can speak'.
💡 Explicación
'Can' describes ability in the present and 'could' describes ability in the past or a polite possibility. Neither takes the -s of the third person singular, because modals have no inflection for person or number.
Pregunta 18
Pregunta 18 · D3Bloom: Apply
You have been on the phone for an hour. You ___ have called me if you needed help.
Choose the modal that expresses what the speaker expected in the past.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)You should have called me if you had needed help.
💡 Explicación
'Should have' plus the past participle criticises or advises about a past situation, while 'if you had needed' is the third form of 'need' and describes a situation that did not turn out to exist. Both forms appear together whenever the speaker is speculating about the past.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)You should have called me if you had needed help.
A)You should have call me if you had needed help.'Should have call' needs the past participle 'called' after 'should have'.
B)You should have called me if you had needed help.Correct! 'Should have called' expresses an expectation about the past, and 'had needed' is the third form of 'need'.
C)You should called me if you had needed help.'Should called' uses only two forms; the third form needs 'have' between the modal and the participle.
D)You should have to called me if you had needed help.'Should have to called' adds an infinitive marker that never appears after 'have' in this structure.
💡 Explicación
'Should have' plus the past participle criticises or advises about a past situation, while 'if you had needed' is the third form of 'need' and describes a situation that did not turn out to exist. Both forms appear together whenever the speaker is speculating about the past.
Pregunta 19
Pregunta 19 · D4Bloom: Analyze
The manager said that all the students ___ submit the form before Friday.
Choose the modal that reports an instruction in indirect speech.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)The manager said that all the students must submit the form before Friday.
💡 Explicación
Modals such as 'must', 'can' and 'will' do not change when a sentence is reported, because they carry meaning rather than time. What can change in indirect speech is the tense of ordinary verbs, as in 'he said he was tired'.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)The manager said that all the students must submit the form before Friday.
A)The manager said that all the students must submitting the form before Friday.'Must submitting' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'must submit'.
B)The manager said that all the students must submits the form before Friday.'Must submits' adds the third person ending after a modal, which never happens in English.
C)The manager said that all the students must to submit the form before Friday.'Must to submit' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
D)The manager said that all the students must submit the form before Friday.Correct! 'Must submit' is the original instruction and it survives the change of speaker without any alteration.
💡 Explicación
Modals such as 'must', 'can' and 'will' do not change when a sentence is reported, because they carry meaning rather than time. What can change in indirect speech is the tense of ordinary verbs, as in 'he said he was tired'.
Pregunta 20
Pregunta 20 · D5Bloom: Evaluate
I'm afraid I ___ help you with the luggage; my bag is already full.
Choose the sentence that politely declines an offer with a modal.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)I'm afraid I can't help you with the luggage; my bag is already full.
💡 Explicación
Modal verbs make refusals sound softer because they frame the statement as a limitation rather than a decision. 'I can't', 'I am afraid I can't' and 'I'm afraid it's not possible' all decline without sounding abrupt.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)I'm afraid I can't help you with the luggage; my bag is already full.
A)I'm afraid I can't to help you with the luggage; my bag is already full.'Can't to help' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
B)I'm afraid I not help you with the luggage; my bag is already full.'Not help' places 'not' before the main verb, but a modal carries its own negation.
C)I'm afraid I can't help you with the luggage; my bag is already full.Correct! 'I'm afraid I can't' is the standard polite way to decline, with the modal followed by the base form.
D)I'm afraid I am not can help you with the luggage; my bag is already full.'Am not can' combines two auxiliaries and is not a grammatical structure in English.
💡 Explicación
Modal verbs make refusals sound softer because they frame the statement as a limitation rather than a decision. 'I can't', 'I am afraid I can't' and 'I'm afraid it's not possible' all decline without sounding abrupt.
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