The bag is very heavy. It ___ contain the camera equipment we brought.
Choose the modal that expresses a reasonable deduction based on evidence.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)It must contain the camera equipment we brought.
💡 Explicación
A deduction with 'must' is a logical conclusion drawn from evidence: the roads are wet, so it must have rained. It expresses certainty based on reasoning, not on the speaker's personal will.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)It must contain the camera equipment we brought.
A)It must contain the camera equipment we brought.Correct! 'Must' expresses a strong deduction: the weight of the bag makes the conclusion almost certain.
B)It must containing the camera equipment we brought.'Must containing' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'must contain'.
C)It must contains the camera equipment we brought.'Must contains' adds the third person ending after a modal, which never happens in English.
D)It must to contain the camera equipment we brought.'Must to contain' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
💡 Explicación
A deduction with 'must' is a logical conclusion drawn from evidence: the roads are wet, so it must have rained. It expresses certainty based on reasoning, not on the speaker's personal will.
Pregunta 2
Pregunta 2 · D3Bloom: Understand
There is no light in the room and the door is locked. She ___ be at home; she said she was going out.
Choose the modal that expresses a guess the speaker cannot confirm.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)She may be at home, or she may have gone out as she said.
💡 Explicación
Alternatives are expressed by repeating the modal, as in 'she may be there or she may have left'. With 'may' and 'might' the two options can also be joined by 'or' without any extra conjunction.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)She may be at home, or she may have gone out as she said.
A)She is may be at home, or she may have gone out as she said.'Is may' combines the auxiliary 'is' with the modal 'may', which is not grammatical in English.
B)She may being at home, or she may have gone out as she said.'May being' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'may be'.
C)She may to be at home, or she may have gone out as she said.'May to be' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
D)She may be at home, or she may have gone out as she said.Correct! 'May be' presents one possibility and the repetition in 'may have gone' presents the other, which is the normal way to offer alternatives.
💡 Explicación
Alternatives are expressed by repeating the modal, as in 'she may be there or she may have left'. With 'may' and 'might' the two options can also be joined by 'or' without any extra conjunction.
Pregunta 3
Pregunta 3 · D4Bloom: Apply
Don't worry, it ___ be true; nobody in the village has a television.
Complete the sentence with the modal that expresses the speaker's strong doubt.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)It can't be true, because nobody in the village has a television.
💡 Explicación
'Can't' followed by the infinitive is used to reject a possibility firmly. It is different from 'needn't', which says an action is unnecessary, and from 'mustn't', which forbids it.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)It can't be true, because nobody in the village has a television.
A)It can to be true, because nobody in the village has a television.'Can to be' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
B)It can't be true, because nobody in the village has a television.Correct! 'Can't be' expresses the certainty that something is not true, which the evidence supports.
C)It can being true, because nobody in the village has a television.'Can being' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'can be'.
D)It can be not true, because nobody in the village has a television.'Can be not true' puts 'not' after the verb phrase, which is not where English places the negation.
💡 Explicación
'Can't' followed by the infinitive is used to reject a possibility firmly. It is different from 'needn't', which says an action is unnecessary, and from 'mustn't', which forbids it.
Pregunta 4
Pregunta 4 · D4Bloom: Analyze
You did not lock the door, so the burglar ___ have entered through the garden.
Complete the sentence with the modal perfect that expresses a deduction about the past.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)The burglar must have entered through the garden.
💡 Explicación
'Must have' plus a past participle expresses a deduction about the past: the floor is wet, so it must have rained. The same form also criticises: you must have forgotten about the meeting.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)The burglar must have entered through the garden.
A)The burglar must have to enter through the garden.'Must have to enter' adds an infinitive marker that never appears between 'have' and the participle.
B)The burglar must have entering through the garden.'Must have entering' needs the past participle after 'must have', so the correct form is 'must have entered'.
C)The burglar must have entered through the garden.Correct! 'Must have entered' is the modal perfect of deduction about a past event, formed with 'must have' plus the past participle.
D)The burglar must have entry through the garden.'Entry' is a noun and cannot serve as the past participle of the verb 'enter'.
💡 Explicación
'Must have' plus a past participle expresses a deduction about the past: the floor is wet, so it must have rained. The same form also criticises: you must have forgotten about the meeting.
Pregunta 5
Pregunta 5 · D5Bloom: Evaluate
I'm sure she did not hear the phone; she ___ have been in the garden at that hour.
Choose the sentence that correctly expresses a deduction about a past possibility.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)She can't have been in the garden at that hour, because she was at the dentist.
💡 Explicación
'Can't have' plus a past participle states that a past situation is impossible, and 'might have' states that it is merely unlikely. The choice between them depends on how firm the speaker's evidence is.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)She can't have been in the garden at that hour, because she was at the dentist.
A)She can't have been in the garden at that hour, because she was at the dentist.Correct! 'Can't have been' rejects a past possibility, and the reason given supports that rejection.
B)She can't have being in the garden at that hour, because she was at the dentist.'Can't have being' needs the past participle after 'have', so the correct form is 'can't have been'.
C)She can't have to be in the garden at that hour, because she was at the dentist.'Can't have to be' adds an infinitive marker that never appears between 'have' and the participle.
D)She can't has been in the garden at that hour, because she was at the dentist.'Can't has been' mixes the negative modal with another auxiliary, which is not grammatical in English.
💡 Explicación
'Can't have' plus a past participle states that a past situation is impossible, and 'might have' states that it is merely unlikely. The choice between them depends on how firm the speaker's evidence is.
Pregunta 6
Pregunta 6 · D4Bloom: Remember
These photographs look old. They ___ be from the 1920s.
Choose the modal that expresses a probable hypothesis about the past.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)They might be from the 1920s.
💡 Explicación
Hypotheses about the past use the same three modals as hypotheses about the present: 'must have' for a firm deduction, 'may have' or 'might have' for a possibility and 'could have' for something that did not happen.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)They might be from the 1920s.
A)They might to be from the 1920s.'Might to be' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
B)They might being from the 1920s.'Might being' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'might be'.
C)They might be from the 1920s.Correct! 'Might be' presents a probable hypothesis without committing the speaker to it.
D)They are might be from the 1920s.'Are might' combines the auxiliary 'are' with the modal 'might', which is not grammatical in English.
💡 Explicación
Hypotheses about the past use the same three modals as hypotheses about the present: 'must have' for a firm deduction, 'may have' or 'might have' for a possibility and 'could have' for something that did not happen.
Pregunta 7
Pregunta 7 · D5Bloom: Understand
Don't run in the corridor. You ___ hurt yourself.
Complete the sentence with the modal that expresses a probable negative consequence.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)You might hurt yourself if you run in the corridor.
💡 Explicación
Warnings about consequences use 'might', 'may' and 'could' followed by the base form. Adding 'you' as a subject and a clause beginning with 'if' makes the possible result explicit.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)You might hurt yourself if you run in the corridor.
A)You might hurts yourself if you run in the corridor.'Might hurts' adds the third person ending after a modal, which never happens in English.
B)You might hurting yourself if you run in the corridor.'Might hurting' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'might hurt'.
C)You might to hurt yourself if you run in the corridor.'Might to hurt' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
D)You might hurt yourself if you run in the corridor.Correct! 'Might hurt' expresses a probable but not certain negative consequence, which is what a warning uses.
💡 Explicación
Warnings about consequences use 'might', 'may' and 'could' followed by the base form. Adding 'you' as a subject and a clause beginning with 'if' makes the possible result explicit.
Pregunta 8
Pregunta 8 · D3Bloom: Apply
Where is Pablo? He ___ have gone to the library without telling us.
Choose the modal that expresses a suspicion about a past action.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)He must have gone to the library without telling us.
💡 Explicación
'Must have' plus a past participle is used to express a deduction about the past and also a criticism: you must have forgotten. The subject of that construction is almost always the person whose intention or mistake is being discussed.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)He must have gone to the library without telling us.
A)He must have going to the library without telling us.'Must have going' needs the past participle after 'must have', so the correct form is 'must have gone'.
B)He must have gone to the library without telling us.Correct! 'Must have gone' expresses a firm deduction about a past event that the disappearance makes likely.
C)He must have to gone to the library without telling us.'Must have to gone' adds an infinitive marker that never appears between 'have' and the participle.
D)He must has gone to the library without telling us.'Must has gone' mixes two auxiliaries and is not a structure in English.
💡 Explicación
'Must have' plus a past participle is used to express a deduction about the past and also a criticism: you must have forgotten. The subject of that construction is almost always the person whose intention or mistake is being discussed.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta 9 · D4Bloom: Analyze
The meeting starts at nine, so we ___ arrive on time if we leave now.
Choose the sentence that correctly uses a modal of deduction with a conditional clause.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)We should arrive on time if we leave now.
💡 Explicación
'Should', 'may' and 'might' combine easily with an 'if' clause to express probable consequences: if it rains, we may cancel. In all cases the modal is followed by the base form of the verb.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)We should arrive on time if we leave now.
A)We should arrive on time if we leave now.Correct! 'Should' expresses the probable consequence of leaving now, and it is followed by the base form.
B)We should arriving on time if we leave now.'Should arriving' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'should arrive'.
C)We should to arrive on time if we leave now.'Should to arrive' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
D)We are should arrive on time if we leave now.'Are should' combines the auxiliary 'are' with the modal 'should', which is not grammatical in English.
💡 Explicación
'Should', 'may' and 'might' combine easily with an 'if' clause to express probable consequences: if it rains, we may cancel. In all cases the modal is followed by the base form of the verb.
Pregunta 10
Pregunta 10 · D5Bloom: Evaluate
She's been working here for fifteen years and knows every file, so she ___ be the right person to train the new staff.
Choose the modal that expresses the obvious conclusion from the information given.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)She must be the right person to train the new staff.
💡 Explicación
A modal of deduction must always be followed by a verb, most often the verb 'to be'. Saying 'she must the right person' is impossible, because 'must' cannot stand alone in front of an adjective.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)She must be the right person to train the new staff.
A)She must being the right person to train the new staff.'Must being' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'must be'.
B)She must be the right person to train the new staff.Correct! 'Must be' expresses the conclusion that follows from her long experience in the company.
C)She must to be the right person to train the new staff.'Must to be' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
D)She must the right person to train the new staff.'Must' needs a verb after it, so a modal cannot be placed directly before an adjective.
💡 Explicación
A modal of deduction must always be followed by a verb, most often the verb 'to be'. Saying 'she must the right person' is impossible, because 'must' cannot stand alone in front of an adjective.
Pregunta 11
Pregunta 11 · D3Bloom: Remember
The lights are on and there is music playing, so they ___ be having a party tonight.
Complete the sentence with the modal that expresses an obvious deduction about the present continuous.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)They must be having a party tonight.
💡 Explicación
A deduction with a modal is followed by a complete verb phrase, which may itself be in the continuous: they must be working, we must have been waiting. The auxiliary of the main phrase comes after the modal, not before it.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)They must be having a party tonight.
A)They must are having a party tonight.'Must are having' combines a modal with the auxiliary 'are', which cannot appear together.
B)They must having a party tonight.'Must having' needs the auxiliary 'be' before the -ing form, so the correct structure is 'must be having'.
C)They must to having a party tonight.'Must to having' adds an infinitive marker and an -ing form at once, which is not English.
D)They must be having a party tonight.Correct! 'Must be having' is a deduction about the present, and 'be' plus 'having' is the continuous form it requires.
💡 Explicación
A deduction with a modal is followed by a complete verb phrase, which may itself be in the continuous: they must be working, we must have been waiting. The auxiliary of the main phrase comes after the modal, not before it.
Pregunta 12
Pregunta 12 · D3Bloom: Understand
I left my passport at home, so they ___ turn us away at the border.
Choose the sentence that expresses a probable future consequence.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)They will probably turn us away at the border.
💡 Explicación
Adverbs of probability are placed after the auxiliary: it will probably rain, they will probably arrive. The verb keeps its base form wherever the adverb falls.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)They will probably turn us away at the border.
A)They will probably to turn away at the border.'Will probably to turn' adds an infinitive marker that never follows 'will'.
B)They will probably turning away at the border.'Will probably turning' needs the base form after 'will', so the correct form is 'will probably turn'.
C)They will probably turn us away at the border.Correct! 'Will turn' states the future action and the adverb 'probably' places the probability between the auxiliary and the verb.
D)They will probably turns away at the border.'Will probably turns' adds the third person ending after 'will', which is never the case.
💡 Explicación
Adverbs of probability are placed after the auxiliary: it will probably rain, they will probably arrive. The verb keeps its base form wherever the adverb falls.
Pregunta 13
Pregunta 13 · D4Bloom: Apply
You said you would help me and then you left. You ___ have told me you were too busy.
Choose the sentence that expresses criticism about a past failure.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)You should have told me you were too busy.
💡 Explicación
'Should have' plus a past participle expresses regret or criticism about something not done in the past: you should have told me, you should have warned her. It is followed by a past participle, never by an infinitive.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)You should have told me you were too busy.
A)You should have told me you were too busy.Correct! 'Should have told' criticises a past action that the speaker believes should have been done.
B)You should have tell me you were too busy.'Should have tell' uses the base form after 'should have'; that construction needs the past participle.
C)You should told me you were too busy.'Should told' uses only two forms; the third form of a modal needs 'have' between the modal and the participle.
D)You should have to told me you were too busy.'Should have to told' adds an infinitive marker that never appears between 'have' and the participle.
💡 Explicación
'Should have' plus a past participle expresses regret or criticism about something not done in the past: you should have told me, you should have warned her. It is followed by a past participle, never by an infinitive.
Pregunta 14
Pregunta 14 · D4Bloom: Analyze
The concert has been sold out, so we ___ not be able to get tickets at the door.
Choose the sentence that expresses a prediction of impossibility in the future.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)We will not be able to get tickets at the door.
💡 Explicación
A modal followed by an adjective always needs the verb 'be' in between: it must be cold, she will not be able, they might be wrong. This is a fixed structure and one of the easiest ways to produce a defective sentence.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)We will not be able to get tickets at the door.
A)We will not being able to get tickets at the door.'Not being' uses the -ing form after the modal, where the adjective phrase with 'be able' is needed.
B)We will not able to get tickets at the door.'Not able' is missing the verb 'be', which a modal requires before an adjective.
C)We will not be able to get tickets at the door.Correct! 'Will not be able' is the standard negative prediction, with the verb 'be' before the adjective 'able'.
D)We will not to able to get tickets at the door.'Not to able' adds an infinitive marker that never appears between 'be' and the adjective 'able'.
💡 Explicación
A modal followed by an adjective always needs the verb 'be' in between: it must be cold, she will not be able, they might be wrong. This is a fixed structure and one of the easiest ways to produce a defective sentence.
Pregunta 15
Pregunta 15 · D5Bloom: Evaluate
Perhaps we left the tickets at home; I can't find them anywhere.
Choose the sentence that correctly expresses a doubt about a past action.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)Perhaps we left the tickets at home; I cannot find them anywhere.
💡 Explicación
'Leave' is irregular, so its past simple is 'left' and not 'leaved'. The pronoun that refers back to 'tickets' must be plural, and the negative modal is written as one word, 'cannot'.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)Perhaps we left the tickets at home; I cannot find them anywhere.
A)Perhaps we left the tickets at home; I cannot find it anywhere.'Find it' uses the singular pronoun, but the noun being searched for is the plural 'tickets'.
B)Perhaps we left the tickets at home; I cannot find them anywhere.Correct! 'Left' is the past simple of the irregular verb 'leave' and 'them' agrees with the plural noun 'tickets'.
C)Perhaps we left the tickets at home; I cannot find them anywere.'Anywere' is a misspelling; the word is 'anywhere', and a single sentence cannot carry two different spellings of the same adverb.
D)Perhaps we left the tickets at home; I no can find them anywhere.'No can' places 'no' in front of a modal, but the negative of 'can' is 'cannot' or the contraction 'can't'.
💡 Explicación
'Leave' is irregular, so its past simple is 'left' and not 'leaved'. The pronoun that refers back to 'tickets' must be plural, and the negative modal is written as one word, 'cannot'.
Pregunta 16
Pregunta 16 · D4Bloom: Remember
He arrived without his passport, so the airline ___ not let him board the plane.
Complete the sentence with the modal that expresses a certainty about a refusal in the future.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)The airline will not let him board the plane.
💡 Explicación
A prediction presented as certain is expressed with 'will not'. A deduction of that kind is stronger than 'might not', and it is often used when the outcome follows from a rule that has already been stated.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)The airline will not let him board the plane.
A)The airline will not lets him board the plane.'Will not lets' adds the third person ending after the modal, which never happens in English.
B)The airline will not letting him board the plane.'Not letting' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'will not let'.
C)The airline not will let him board the plane.'Not will' places 'not' in front of the modal, but English forms the negative as 'will not'.
D)The airline will not let him board the plane.Correct! 'Will not let' expresses a certain refusal and is followed by the base form of the verb.
💡 Explicación
A prediction presented as certain is expressed with 'will not'. A deduction of that kind is stronger than 'might not', and it is often used when the outcome follows from a rule that has already been stated.
Pregunta 17
Pregunta 17 · D5Bloom: Understand
We waited an hour and the bus never came. It ___ have broken down on the mountain road.
Choose the modal that expresses the most probable explanation of what happened.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)It must have broken down on the mountain road.
💡 Explicación
Phrasal verbs keep their particle in the modal perfect: must have broken down, must have given up, must have taken off. The past participle of 'break' is irregular and must be learned separately from its past simple.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)It must have broken down on the mountain road.
A)It must have broken down on the mountain road.Correct! 'Must have broken down' is the modal perfect of deduction with an irregular verb, whose past participle is 'broken'.
B)It must have break down on the mountain road.'Must have break' uses the base form after 'must have'; that construction needs the past participle.
C)It must have broken on the mountain road.'Broken' is the correct participle but 'break' alone is not, so the phrase as written lacks the participle the modal requires.
D)It must have to break down on the mountain road.'Must have to break' adds an infinitive marker that never appears between 'have' and the participle.
💡 Explicación
Phrasal verbs keep their particle in the modal perfect: must have broken down, must have given up, must have taken off. The past participle of 'break' is irregular and must be learned separately from its past simple.
Pregunta 18
Pregunta 18 · D3Bloom: Apply
It's very likely to rain, so take an umbrella.
Choose the sentence that matches the probability being described.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)It will probably rain, so take an umbrella with you.
💡 Explicación
Adverbs of likelihood such as 'probably', 'certainly' and 'possibly' are placed after the auxiliary. Modals of possibility and prediction are often combined for a more precise statement: it will probably rain, it might possibly snow.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)It will probably rain, so take an umbrella with you.
A)It will probably rains, so take an umbrella with you.'Will probably rains' adds the third person ending after 'will', which never happens in English.
B)It will probably rain, so take an umbrella with you.Correct! 'Will probably rain' places the adverb after the auxiliary and keeps the verb in its base form.
C)It will probably to rain, so take an umbrella with you.'Will probably to rain' adds an infinitive marker that never follows 'will'.
D)It will probably raining, so take an umbrella with you.'Will probably raining' needs the base form after 'will', so the correct form is 'will probably rain'.
💡 Explicación
Adverbs of likelihood such as 'probably', 'certainly' and 'possibly' are placed after the auxiliary. Modals of possibility and prediction are often combined for a more precise statement: it will probably rain, it might possibly snow.
Pregunta 19
Pregunta 19 · D4Bloom: Analyze
She was very rude to the teacher, so she ___ apologize.
Complete the sentence with the modal that expresses an obligation deduced from the situation.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)She must apologize for what she did.
💡 Explicación
A deduction of obligation uses 'must' followed by the base form, exactly as an obligation does. The difference lies in the reasoning of the speaker rather than in the grammatical structure, which is why both uses look identical on the page.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)She must apologize for what she did.
A)She must apologizes for what she did.'Must apologizes' adds the third person ending after a modal, which never happens in English.
B)She must apologizing for what she did.'Must apologizing' needs the base form after the modal, so the correct form is 'must apologize'.
C)She must to apologize for what she did.'Must to apologize' adds an infinitive marker that never follows a modal verb.
D)She must apologize for what she did.Correct! 'Must' expresses the deduction that her behaviour obliges her to apologise, and the verb keeps its base form.
💡 Explicación
A deduction of obligation uses 'must' followed by the base form, exactly as an obligation does. The difference lies in the reasoning of the speaker rather than in the grammatical structure, which is why both uses look identical on the page.
Pregunta 20
Pregunta 20 · D5Bloom: Evaluate
Have you seen my glasses? I ___ have left them at the office.
Choose the modal that expresses a strong suspicion about a past action.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)I must have left them at the office.
💡 Explicación
Suspicions about the past use the modal perfect: I must have forgotten, he must have taken them, she must have paid. The construction always contains a modal, then 'have', then a past participle.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)I must have left them at the office.
A)I must have to left them at the office.'Must have to left' adds an infinitive marker that never appears between 'have' and the participle.
B)I must have leaving them at the office.'Must have leaving' needs the past participle after 'must have', so the correct form is 'must have left'.
C)I must have left them at the office.Correct! 'Must have left' expresses the strong suspicion that the glasses were left somewhere earlier.
D)I must has left them at the office.'Must has left' mixes the modal 'must' with the auxiliary 'has', which is not a valid combination.
💡 Explicación
Suspicions about the past use the modal perfect: I must have forgotten, he must have taken them, she must have paid. The construction always contains a modal, then 'have', then a past participle.
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