Only one of the students in the group has won a national award.
The student ___ won a national award will present the results.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)who
💡 Explicación
Defining relative clauses use who for people, which for things, and whose for possession. The clause is not optional: remove it and the sentence no longer identifies anyone, which is exactly what makes it defining rather than non-defining.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)who
A)whichNo. 'Which' refers to things or animals in defining clauses, so it cannot stand in for a person such as the student here.
B)whoseNo. 'Whose' expresses possession, and it would mean the award belongs to the student rather than that the student won it.
C)whereNo. 'Where' introduces a clause about a place, and there is no place named in the sentence for it to refer to.
D)whoCorrect! 'Who' introduces a defining relative clause referring to a person, and the clause is essential to identify which student is meant.
💡 Explicación
Defining relative clauses use who for people, which for things, and whose for possession. The clause is not optional: remove it and the sentence no longer identifies anyone, which is exactly what makes it defining rather than non-defining.
Pregunta 2
Pregunta 2 · D3Bloom: Understand
The laptop that Pedro bought last week has a broken screen.
The laptop ___ Pedro bought last week has a broken screen.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)that
💡 Explicación
In defining clauses 'that' and 'which' are both possible for things in standard usage, with 'that' preferred when the clause follows a noun rather than a comma. The other pronouns are restricted by their own meanings, so only one of the four fits the relationship described.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)that
A)whoNo. 'Who' is only used for people, and the subject of this sentence is a laptop, which is a thing.
B)whoseNo. 'Whose' would claim that the laptop belongs to Pedro, when in fact Pedro is the one who bought it.
C)whatNo. 'What' cannot follow a noun, so it cannot close a phrase such as 'the laptop' and start a relative clause.
D)thatCorrect! 'That' can introduce a defining relative clause about a thing, and it is the neutral pronoun used when no other relationship applies.
💡 Explicación
In defining clauses 'that' and 'which' are both possible for things in standard usage, with 'that' preferred when the clause follows a noun rather than a comma. The other pronouns are restricted by their own meanings, so only one of the four fits the relationship described.
Pregunta 3
Pregunta 3 · D3Bloom: Apply
The house where I grew up has been painted with green paint.
The house ___ I grew up has been painted with green paint.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)where
💡 Explicación
Place in defining clauses is expressed with 'where', which is short for 'in which' or 'at which'. Time uses 'when' instead, and the choice between them depends on the question the clause answers about the noun it follows.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)where
A)whereCorrect! 'Where' introduces a clause of place with an understood 'in which', and it identifies which house the sentence is about.
B)whoNo. 'Who' refers to people and would leave the sentence with a house as the subject of 'grew up', which is impossible.
C)whichNo. 'Which' cannot introduce a clause with an omitted subject here, because there is no verb to attach it to after 'grew up'.
D)whenNo. 'When' introduces a clause of time, and the sentence describes a location rather than a moment.
💡 Explicación
Place in defining clauses is expressed with 'where', which is short for 'in which' or 'at which'. Time uses 'when' instead, and the choice between them depends on the question the clause answers about the noun it follows.
Pregunta 4
Pregunta 4 · D4Bloom: Analyze
The engineer whose proposal was approved received an award last night.
The engineer ___ proposal was approved received an award last night.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)whose
💡 Explicación
Possessive relative pronouns turn a noun into the possessor of another noun. 'Whose proposal' means the proposal that belongs to the engineer, and this construction is very frequent in academic and news English when authorship or ownership has to be stated.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)whose
A)whoNo. 'Who' would make the proposal the subject of 'was approved', but a proposal is not a person who can be approved.
B)whichNo. 'Which' is used for things, yet the clause that follows it has the engineer as its subject and the proposal as its object.
C)whereNo. 'Where' would ask about the place of the approval, and the sentence gives no location at all.
D)whoseCorrect! 'Whose' expresses possession and creates the relationship between the engineer and the proposal he wrote, which the rest of the clause then develops.
💡 Explicación
Possessive relative pronouns turn a noun into the possessor of another noun. 'Whose proposal' means the proposal that belongs to the engineer, and this construction is very frequent in academic and news English when authorship or ownership has to be stated.
Pregunta 5
Pregunta 5 · D3Bloom: Apply
The exam that she passed last June opened a door to a scholarship in Europe.
The exam ___ she passed last June opened a door to a scholarship in Europe.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)that
💡 Explicación
When the relative clause has its own object, the relative pronoun can be omitted entirely, as in 'the exam she passed'. Both the full form with 'that' and the reduced form are correct, and the choice is one of style rather than accuracy.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)that
A)whatNo. 'What' cannot be used after a noun such as 'exam', so the phrase 'the exam what' is not grammatical.
B)whomNo. 'Whom' is the object form for people, but the object of 'passed' is the exam, not a person.
C)whereNo. 'Where' would require a place to be named in the sentence, and no location appears in either the noun phrase or the clause.
D)thatCorrect! 'That' introduces a defining clause about the exam, and the object pronoun 'she' replaces the repeated subject inside the clause.
💡 Explicación
When the relative clause has its own object, the relative pronoun can be omitted entirely, as in 'the exam she passed'. Both the full form with 'that' and the reduced form are correct, and the choice is one of style rather than accuracy.
Pregunta 6
Pregunta 6 · D4Bloom: Analyze
The students who travel from the coast arrive a day earlier than the ones from the highlands.
The students ___ travel from the coast arrive a day earlier.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)who
💡 Explicación
A defining clause narrows the meaning of the noun it follows, and for people the pronoun is 'who', with 'that' as an accepted alternative. The clause is essential information: without it, the sentence would describe every student in the school.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)who
A)whichNo. 'Which' refers to things, and the antecedent here is a group of people who travel, not an object.
B)whoCorrect! 'Who' is the defining relative pronoun for people, and the clause restricts the group to the members who come from the coast.
C)whoseNo. 'Whose' would claim that the coast belongs to the students, which reverses the direction of the relationship in the sentence.
D)whatNo. 'What' expresses the thing itself and cannot follow a noun, so it cannot open a clause attached to 'the students'.
💡 Explicación
A defining clause narrows the meaning of the noun it follows, and for people the pronoun is 'who', with 'that' as an accepted alternative. The clause is essential information: without it, the sentence would describe every student in the school.
Pregunta 7
Pregunta 7 · D4Bloom: Evaluate
The road that leads to the coast is closed for repairs during the rainy season.
The road ___ leads to the coast is closed for repairs.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)that
💡 Explicación
Relative clauses about objects or abstract things most often use 'that' or 'which'. In this sentence the clause has no explicit subject, so the relative pronoun must be able to stand as the subject of 'leads', which both 'that' and 'which' can do.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)that
A)whoNo. 'Who' refers to people and would make the road the one who leads, which is not a possible meaning.
B)thatCorrect! 'That' introduces the defining clause about the road, and the subject of 'leads' is understood to be 'the road' itself.
C)whoseNo. 'Whose' claims possession, and the road does not own the route that leads to the coast.
D)whenNo. 'When' introduces a time clause and would connect the road to a moment rather than to a destination.
💡 Explicación
Relative clauses about objects or abstract things most often use 'that' or 'which'. In this sentence the clause has no explicit subject, so the relative pronoun must be able to stand as the subject of 'leads', which both 'that' and 'which' can do.
Pregunta 8
Pregunta 8 · D4Bloom: Apply
The village that sits beside the lake is famous for its woven textiles.
The village ___ sits beside the lake is famous for its woven textiles.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)that
💡 Explicación
A relative clause can function as the subject of its own verb, in which case the pronoun is in its subject form. That is why 'that sits' and 'who sits' are correct while their object forms are not, and the choice of pronoun depends on this grammatical role.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)that
A)whomNo. 'Whom' is an object pronoun for people and cannot be used as the subject of a clause describing a place.
B)whoseNo. 'Whose' would mean that the lake belongs to the village, and the sentence says nothing about ownership.
C)thatCorrect! 'That' introduces a defining clause about the village and works as the subject of 'sits', so the sentence is complete and correct.
D)whyNo. 'Why' introduces a reason clause, and the sentence gives a location rather than an explanation.
💡 Explicación
A relative clause can function as the subject of its own verb, in which case the pronoun is in its subject form. That is why 'that sits' and 'who sits' are correct while their object forms are not, and the choice of pronoun depends on this grammatical role.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta 9 · D4Bloom: Analyze
The book which you recommended has been translated into three languages.
The book ___ you recommended has been translated into three languages.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)which
💡 Explicación
When the pronoun would be the object of the clause verb, English allows it to be left out, which is why the sentence also works with no pronoun at all. The defining character remains the same: the clause tells the reader which book is meant.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)which
A)whoNo. 'Who' refers to people, so it cannot be attached to 'the book' as the subject of the following clause.
B)whereNo. 'Where' needs a place, and the clause 'you recommended' has no reference to any location.
C)whichCorrect! 'Which' introduces a defining clause about a thing and can be omitted when the object role is clear, as in 'the book you recommended'.
D)whenNo. 'When' needs a moment, and the clause about recommending carries a time reference of its own instead.
💡 Explicación
When the pronoun would be the object of the clause verb, English allows it to be left out, which is why the sentence also works with no pronoun at all. The defining character remains the same: the clause tells the reader which book is meant.
Pregunta 10
Pregunta 10 · D4Bloom: Analyze
The woman who organised the conference has received a scholarship abroad.
The woman ___ organised the conference has received a scholarship abroad.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)who
💡 Explicación
Subject relative pronouns and object relative pronouns are not interchangeable. When the pronoun names the doer inside the clause, English requires the subject form 'who'; the object form 'whom' would leave the clause without a subject of its own.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)who
A)whoCorrect! 'Who' is the defining relative pronoun for people and acts as the subject of 'organised' inside the clause.
B)whichNo. 'Which' is used for things, and the conference cannot be the one who organised anything.
C)whomNo. 'Whom' is the object form and cannot serve as the subject of 'organised', which is why the sentence is ungrammatical with it.
D)whoseNo. 'Whose' would turn the conference into something the woman owns, and no such possession is expressed in the sentence.
💡 Explicación
Subject relative pronouns and object relative pronouns are not interchangeable. When the pronoun names the doer inside the clause, English requires the subject form 'who'; the object form 'whom' would leave the clause without a subject of its own.
Pregunta 11
Pregunta 11 · D4Bloom: Evaluate
The film which we watched last night was directed by a young filmmaker.
The film ___ we watched last night was directed by a young filmmaker.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)that
💡 Explicación
Defining clauses about objects are commonly opened with 'that' when the clause follows a noun directly. The pronoun may also be left out here, since 'we' already marks the object role, and both versions are accepted in ordinary English.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)that
A)whoNo. 'Who' refers to people, and a film is not a person who can watch anything.
B)whoseNo. 'Whose' would claim that the film owns the act of watching, and the sentence gives no such relation.
C)thatCorrect! 'That' introduces a defining clause about the film and is the most natural pronoun before the object pronoun 'we'.
D)whatNo. 'What' expresses a thing and cannot follow a noun, so 'the film what' cannot be a grammatical phrase.
💡 Explicación
Defining clauses about objects are commonly opened with 'that' when the clause follows a noun directly. The pronoun may also be left out here, since 'we' already marks the object role, and both versions are accepted in ordinary English.
Pregunta 12
Pregunta 12 · D4Bloom: Apply
The tool whose handle is broken belongs to the workshop next door.
The tool ___ handle is broken belongs to the workshop next door.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)whose
💡 Explicación
Possessive clauses are formed with 'whose' plus the noun that is possessed, and the clause then describes that second noun. This structure is common with objects and parts of objects, where the point of the sentence is to specify which component is involved.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)whose
A)whoNo. 'Who' would make the handle the person doing the breaking, which is impossible for a manufactured part.
B)whoseCorrect! 'Whose' links the tool to the handle it owns, and the clause that follows describes that handle rather than the whole tool.
C)whichNo. 'Which' could act as the subject of a following verb, but it cannot express the possessive link that 'handle is broken' requires here.
D)whereNo. 'Where' asks about a place and the sentence contains no location to which the handle could be attached.
💡 Explicación
Possessive clauses are formed with 'whose' plus the noun that is possessed, and the clause then describes that second noun. This structure is common with objects and parts of objects, where the point of the sentence is to specify which component is involved.
Pregunta 13
Pregunta 13 · D4Bloom: Analyze
The reasons why the project failed were discussed at the meeting.
The reasons ___ the project failed were discussed at the meeting.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)why
💡 Explicación
Abstract nouns of reason, cause and purpose are completed by their own relative clauses: the reason why, the way in which, the purpose for which. In these cases the pronoun does not replace a noun but expresses the type of clause the head noun requires.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)why
A)whoNo. 'Who' refers to people and would attach the clause to a person, while the sentence names an abstract plural noun as its head.
B)whichNo. 'Which' would work as the subject or object of the clause, but it cannot introduce an abstract clause of reason beginning with a verb.
C)whyCorrect! 'Why' introduces a defining clause of reason after an abstract noun such as 'the reasons', completing the meaning of that noun.
D)whenNo. 'When' introduces a clause of time, and the sentence is about the causes of a failure rather than about a moment.
💡 Explicación
Abstract nouns of reason, cause and purpose are completed by their own relative clauses: the reason why, the way in which, the purpose for which. In these cases the pronoun does not replace a noun but expresses the type of clause the head noun requires.
Pregunta 14
Pregunta 14 · D4Bloom: Evaluate
The problem which worried the teachers has been solved with new methods.
The problem ___ worried the teachers has been solved with new methods.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)that
💡 Explicación
When the relative clause has a subject of its own and the pronoun is the object of the verb, 'that' is the safest choice in defining clauses. The construction is unambiguous and avoids the heavy sound that a longer pronoun can produce in speech.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)that
A)whoNo. 'Who' refers to people and cannot attach the clause about worrying to a problem, which is not a person.
B)whereNo. 'Where' would require a place, and neither the problem nor the teachers is identified as a location in the sentence.
C)thatCorrect! 'That' introduces the defining clause and acts as the object of 'worried', with the teachers as its subject.
D)whoseNo. 'Whose' would say that the problem owns the teachers, and the relationship in the clause is one of affecting, not possession.
💡 Explicación
When the relative clause has a subject of its own and the pronoun is the object of the verb, 'that' is the safest choice in defining clauses. The construction is unambiguous and avoids the heavy sound that a longer pronoun can produce in speech.
Pregunta 15
Pregunta 15 · D4Bloom: Analyze
The museum which opened last month holds a very old collection of coins.
The museum ___ opened last month holds a very old collection of coins.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)which
💡 Explicación
A defining clause may simply add information that is needed to identify the noun, and it does not have to express place, time, possession or reason. In those neutral cases 'that' or 'which' is used, with the pronoun taking the grammatical role required inside the clause.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)which
A)whichCorrect! 'Which' introduces a defining clause about the museum and acts as the subject of 'opened' inside the clause.
B)whomNo. 'Whom' is an object pronoun for people and cannot be the subject of 'opened', even with the verb in the active.
C)whatNo. 'What' cannot follow a definite noun, so it cannot stand in the slot required by 'the museum'.
D)whyNo. 'Why' introduces a clause of reason, while the clause here reports a simple past action with no explanation given.
💡 Explicación
A defining clause may simply add information that is needed to identify the noun, and it does not have to express place, time, possession or reason. In those neutral cases 'that' or 'which' is used, with the pronoun taking the grammatical role required inside the clause.
Pregunta 16
Pregunta 16 · D4Bloom: Apply
The children whose parents attend the meetings show more interest in the project.
The children ___ parents attend the meetings show more interest in the project.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)whose
💡 Explicación
The possessive pronoun is the only one that reverses the grammatical subject between the head noun and the clause. In 'children whose parents attend', the children appear in the main clause while the parents carry the meaning inside the relative clause.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)whose
A)whoseCorrect! 'Whose parents' expresses the relationship of belonging, and the clause 'attend the meetings' has the parents as its subject.
B)whichNo. 'Which' would make the parents the subject of a clause attached to the children, and the sentence actually refers to the parents of the children.
C)whoNo. 'Who' would mean the children attend the meetings, when the sentence states that their parents do.
D)thatNo. 'That' cannot express possession, and the sentence is specifically about a relationship of belonging between children and adults.
💡 Explicación
The possessive pronoun is the only one that reverses the grammatical subject between the head noun and the clause. In 'children whose parents attend', the children appear in the main clause while the parents carry the meaning inside the relative clause.
Pregunta 17
Pregunta 17 · D4Bloom: Analyze
The result that surprised everyone was published in the national press on Friday.
The result ___ surprised everyone was published in the national press.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)that
💡 Explicación
In a defining clause with a transitive verb, the pronoun can be the object, as here, or it can be the subject. What the clause must do is narrow the reference of the head noun, and 'that' is the pronoun that performs that function most widely.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)that
A)whoNo. 'Who' refers to people, and a result is not a person who can be surprised.
B)whoseNo. 'Whose' would claim that the result owns the surprise, and no possession is expressed in the sentence.
C)whereNo. 'Where' would require a place inside the clause, while the clause here only carries a verb and its object.
D)thatCorrect! 'That' introduces a defining clause whose verb 'surprised' has the result as its object and everyone as its subject.
💡 Explicación
In a defining clause with a transitive verb, the pronoun can be the object, as here, or it can be the subject. What the clause must do is narrow the reference of the head noun, and 'that' is the pronoun that performs that function most widely.
Pregunta 18
Pregunta 18 · D4Bloom: Evaluate
The city which hosted the international event invested in public transport.
The city ___ hosted the international event invested in public transport.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)that
💡 Explicación
Organisation and place names are treated as things, so the pronoun is 'that' or 'which' rather than 'who'. The clause remains defining because it selects one city out of all the cities in the country.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)that
A)whoNo. 'Who' would treat the city as a person able to host an event, and English reserves that pronoun for human referents.
B)thatCorrect! 'That' introduces the defining clause and stands as the subject of 'hosted', which is the role the clause requires.
C)whenNo. 'When' introduces a time clause, and the sentence offers no moment that could be attached to the city.
D)whyNo. 'Why' would introduce an explanation of the hosting, which the sentence does not give.
💡 Explicación
Organisation and place names are treated as things, so the pronoun is 'that' or 'which' rather than 'who'. The clause remains defining because it selects one city out of all the cities in the country.
Pregunta 19
Pregunta 19 · D4Bloom: Analyze
The team whose players trained all summer won the regional championship.
The team ___ players trained all summer won the regional championship.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)whose
💡 Explicación
Possessive clauses also work with collective nouns and groups. The head of the clause and the head of the main clause are then different entities, and the possessive pronoun is the element that connects them without repeating the noun.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)whose
A)whoseCorrect! 'Whose players' identifies the players as belonging to the team, and the clause describes their training rather than the team's.
B)whichNo. 'Which' would make the players the subject of the clause as a thing, and the sentence needs a possessive link to the team.
C)whoNo. 'Who' would mean the team trained all summer, whereas the training was done by the players belonging to the team.
D)whereNo. 'Where' would ask about the place of training, and the sentence mentions a season but no location.
💡 Explicación
Possessive clauses also work with collective nouns and groups. The head of the clause and the head of the main clause are then different entities, and the possessive pronoun is the element that connects them without repeating the noun.
Pregunta 20
Pregunta 20 · D4Bloom: Evaluate
The device which measures humidity is installed in every classroom of the school.
The device ___ measures humidity is installed in every classroom of the school.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)that
💡 Explicación
The simplest defining clause is the one that only identifies the thing and adds no place, time, possession or reason. In that case English uses 'that' or 'which' freely, and the clause can even be shortened by omitting the pronoun.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)that
A)whoNo. 'Who' refers to people and would give the device human qualities, which the sentence does not claim.
B)thatCorrect! 'That' introduces a defining clause about the device and acts as the subject of the verb 'measures'.
C)whoseNo. 'Whose' would imply that the device owns the humidity, and there is no possessive relationship between them.
D)whenNo. 'When' introduces a time clause and would need a moment of measurement, which the sentence does not provide.
💡 Explicación
The simplest defining clause is the one that only identifies the thing and adds no place, time, possession or reason. In that case English uses 'that' or 'which' freely, and the clause can even be shortened by omitting the pronoun.
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