Relative Clauses

Respuesta correcta: D) am

• A) is'is' goes with he, she, it and singular nouns, as in 'he is reading', so it does not fit 'I'.
• B) are'are' goes with you, we, they and plural nouns, so 'I are reading' is not grammatical.
• C) be'be' is the base form used after modals and in the infinitive; the continuous here needs the finite 'am'.
• D) amCorrect! The subject of the sentence is 'I', and in the continuous form 'I' is always followed by 'am'.

Respuesta correcta: A) To discuss the new budget

• A) To discuss the new budgetCorrect! The infinitive 'to discuss' names the purpose of the meeting, so it states directly why they gathered.
• B) To decide who the members aremembership selection is never mentioned; the only stated purpose of the meeting concerns the budget.
• C) To celebrate the end of the yearno celebration appears in the sentence, and the single purpose given is a working one.
• D) To approve the meeting itselfthe budget is what they met to discuss, not the act of meeting or its own approval.

Respuesta correcta: A) Bees are important for pollination and honey

• A) Bees are important for pollination and honeyCorrect! The text names the two useful jobs of bees, pollinating flowers and producing honey, so that is its main idea.
• B) Bees are dangerous insectsthe text never says that bees are dangerous; it describes the useful work they do for flowers.
• C) Honey is the only product bees makethe text also mentions pollination, so honey is not presented as the only product.
• D) Flowers don't need beespollination depends on bees, so the text implies that flowers do need them.

Respuesta correcta: D) went

• A) goed'goed' is not an English word; a past form is either regular or an irregular form already known.
• B) gone'gone' is the past participle used after 'have' or 'has', not the past simple form.
• C) going'going' is the -ing form used in the continuous, not a past form at all.
• D) wentCorrect! 'Went' is the irregular past simple form of the verb 'go'.

Respuesta correcta: D) She goes to school every day.

• A) She go to school every day.after 'she' the verb needs the -s form, so this sentence is missing that ending.
• B) She going to school every day.'going' belongs to the continuous form, but 'every day' requires the simple present.
• C) She gone to school every day.'gone' is a past participle, and the sentence describes a habit, so the simple present is needed.
• D) She goes to school every day.Correct! In the present simple the third person singular of 'go' takes -es, so 'she goes' is the correct form.

Respuesta correcta: A) The student whose drawing won the school competition designed the poster.

• A) The student whose drawing won the school competition designed the poster.'Whose' expresses possession: the drawing belongs to the student.
• B) The student who drawing won the school competition designed the poster.'Who' cannot express possession before 'drawing'; the clause needs 'whose drawing'.
• C) The student which drawing won the school competition designed the poster.'Which' neither refers appropriately to this person nor expresses ownership of the drawing.
• D) The student whom drawing won the school competition designed the poster.'Whom' marks an object referring to a person; it does not function as a possessive determiner.

Respuesta correcta: A) Careful about details

• A) Careful about detailsCorrect! 'Meticulous' describes someone who pays close attention to small details, which is exactly how she treats her notes.
• B) Careless and hastythis is the opposite of the word; being careless would mean skipping the details she actually checks.
• C) Slow to speakthat describes how fast someone talks, and the sentence says nothing about the speed of her speech.
• D) Eager to leaveit describes a wish to depart, while 'meticulous' here qualifies the care she takes with her notes.

Respuesta correcta: A) The community helped the environment

• A) The community helped the environmentCorrect! Both actions are environmental work carried out by local people, so the shared idea is community action for the environment.
• B) The beach became crowded with visitorsthe text never mentions visitors or crowding; it reports two organised clean-up and planting tasks.
• C) The schools refused to plant treesit states that schools planted twenty new trees, the opposite of what this option claims.
• D) The volunteers complained about the rubbishthe sentence reports their collection of rubbish without describing any complaint from them.

Respuesta correcta: B) written

• A) writedadding -ed to a short vowel plus a single consonant does not produce a valid participle; 'write' is irregular.
• B) writtenCorrect! 'Written' is the irregular past participle, the form used after 'have' as in 'I have written it'.
• C) wrote'Wrote' is the past simple form, while the participle used with 'have' is 'written'.
• D) writtingthat double 't' spelling is a misspelling; the correct participle drops nothing and simply becomes 'written'.

Respuesta correcta: C) They are waiting for the bus now.

• A) They wait for the bus now.'wait' is the simple present, which describes habits, but the time expression here points to this moment.
• B) They are wait for the bus now.after 'are' the verb needs its -ing form, and 'wait' on its own is the base form, not the participle.
• C) They are waiting for the bus now.Correct! 'Right now' calls for the present continuous, and 'they' takes 'are' followed by the -ing form 'waiting'.
• D) They waited for the bus now.'waited' is the past simple, yet 'now' refers to the present moment rather than to a finished past action.

Respuesta correcta: A) is doing

• A) is doingCorrect! 'My brother' is third person singular, so the continuous needs 'is' plus the -ing form 'doing'.
• B) are doing'are' goes with you, we and they, but a singular brother requires 'is' in this form.
• C) does doing'does' never appears before an -ing form; that combination would belong to the simple present, as in 'he does his homework'.
• D) did do'did' signals a finished past action, which contradicts the time expression 'right now'.

Respuesta correcta: B) The first identifies eligible volunteers; the second says all the volunteers being discussed completed the training.

• A) Both sentences restrict entry to a subgroup, and the commas only indicate pauses.The commas change the clause from identifying a subgroup to providing additional information about all the volunteers being discussed.
• B) The first identifies eligible volunteers; the second says all the volunteers being discussed completed the training.The defining clause selects trained volunteers, whereas the non-defining clause adds information about the whole referenced group.
• C) The first describes future training; the second describes completed training.Both clauses use 'completed', so both describe finished training; punctuation does not change their tense.
• D) The first allows everyone to enter; the second excludes volunteers who trained.The first restricts eligibility to trained volunteers, and the second does not exclude those volunteers.

Respuesta correcta: D) She has already finished her project.

• A) She already has finish her project.after 'has' the verb must appear as the past participle 'finished', never as the base form 'finish'.
• B) She already finished her project.this is the present simple of 'finish' with an adverb placed before it, and it does not use the perfect at all.
• C) She have already finished her project.the subject 'she' requires 'has', so 'have' leaves the sentence ungrammatical in this form.
• D) She has already finished her project.Correct! 'Has already' plus the past participle 'finished' forms the present perfect, which matches the time marker 'already'.

Respuesta correcta: B) It can be omitted when it is the object, as in 'the book I borrowed'.

• A) It can always be omitted when its antecedent is a person.A person's relative pronoun must remain when it is the subject, as in 'the student who arrived'.
• B) It can be omitted when it is the object, as in 'the book I borrowed'.'I' is the subject of 'borrowed', and the omitted pronoun represents its object, 'the book'.
• C) It can be omitted only when it expresses possession.Possessive 'whose' must remain because it establishes ownership; omission applies to object relative pronouns.
• D) It must be omitted whenever the clause uses the past tense.Omission depends on the pronoun's grammatical role, not the tense of the relative clause.

Respuesta correcta: A) Did you visit the museum last Saturday?

• A) Did you visit the museum last Saturday?Correct! Past simple questions begin with 'did', followed by the base form 'visit' and the past time expression 'last Saturday'.
• B) Did you visited the museum last Saturday?after 'did' the verb returns to its base form, so the -ed ending in 'visited' is incorrect here.
• C) Do you visit the museum last Saturday?'Do' builds present simple questions, and 'last Saturday' refers to a finished past time.
• D) Were you visit the museum last Saturday?'Were' cannot stand in for 'did' before a lexical verb, because only 'be' takes that past auxiliary.

Respuesta correcta: C) We visited a library in Santa Ana where students can borrow laptops.

• A) We visited a library in Santa Ana which students can borrow laptops.'Which' alone cannot express the location here; the clause needs 'where' or 'in which'.
• B) We visited a library in Santa Ana whose students can borrow laptops there.'Whose students' introduces possession and changes the relationship; the original describes borrowing at a location.
• C) We visited a library in Santa Ana where students can borrow laptops.'Where' refers to the library as the place in which students can borrow laptops.
• D) We visited a library in Santa Ana where students can borrow laptops there.'Where' already expresses the location, so adding 'there' duplicates that grammatical function.

Respuesta correcta: D) Perception through the sense of smell

• A) An action carried out on the soupthat would need a transitive verb with an object, but here the sentence describes how the soup is perceived.
• B) A state that began in the pastnothing in the sentence points to a starting point in the past, so the past perfect reading does not apply.
• C) A comparison between two soupsthe sentence contains no second soup and no comparative structure such as 'than'.
• D) Perception through the sense of smellCorrect! With 'smell' the linking verb relates the subject to a quality perceived by the nose, not an action performed on an object.

Respuesta correcta: C) A road closure changed the route of the school bus

• A) The city has many bridgesthe text names a single bridge and its closure; it makes no claim about how many the city has.
• B) Repairs take longer than expectednothing says the repairs were late, only that the closure forced a longer route.
• C) A road closure changed the route of the school busCorrect! The closure is presented as the cause and the longer city route as its direct effect on the bus.
• D) The bus was late for schoolthe sentence explains the route change and never states that the bus arrived late.

Respuesta correcta: C) whom

• A) whose'Whose' expresses possession and cannot serve as the object of 'to' in this clause.
• B) which'Which' normally refers to things, whereas the antecedent here is a person, 'the researcher'.
• C) whom'Whom' is the object form used for a person immediately after the preposition 'to' in formal English.
• D) that'That' cannot immediately follow a fronted preposition in a relative clause.

Respuesta correcta: B) Ana's brother, who lives in San Miguel, teaches mathematics.

• A) Ana's brother, that lives in San Miguel, teaches mathematics.'That' is not used to introduce non-defining relative clauses enclosed by commas.
• B) Ana's brother, who lives in San Miguel, teaches mathematics.'Who' refers to a person, and the paired commas mark the clause as additional information.
• C) Ana's brother, lives in San Miguel, teaches mathematics.The relative pronoun is the subject of 'lives' and cannot be omitted from this non-defining clause.
• D) Ana's brother, which lives in San Miguel, teaches mathematics.'Which' refers to things rather than a person such as Ana's brother.