The experience happened at an unspecified time before now.
I ___ in Paris twice, and both trips were wonderful.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)have been
💡 Explicación
The present perfect with have been covers experience at any time up to now when the time is irrelevant. Twice tells us the number, not the date.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)have been
A)have beenCorrect! Life experience with no stated past time is expressed with the present perfect.
B)wentThe past simple would need a finished past time, such as in 2019, to justify this use.
C)am goingA present continuous would describe a current or imminent trip, not two completed journeys.
D)had beenThe past perfect needs a past reference point before the journeys, and there is none.
💡 Explicación
The present perfect with have been covers experience at any time up to now when the time is irrelevant. Twice tells us the number, not the date.
Pregunta 2
Pregunta 2 · D2Bloom: Apply
A past action with an explicit finished time.
We ___ the treaty in 1998, and it is still in force.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)signed
💡 Explicación
A precise finished past time locks the action into the past. The still in force clause reports the present result, but the signing itself is simply past.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)signed
A)have signedThe present perfect cannot be used with a finished past time, because then the action would no longer relate to now.
B)signedCorrect! A finished past time such as in 1998 requires the past simple.
C)will signA future form contradicts a date that has already passed.
D)are signingA present continuous would place the signing in the present, which the year makes impossible.
💡 Explicación
A precise finished past time locks the action into the past. The still in force clause reports the present result, but the signing itself is simply past.
Pregunta 3
Pregunta 3 · D3Bloom: Apply
The period began in the past and is still open now.
He ___ in this city for twelve years.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)has lived
💡 Explicación
For plus a period of time is a signature of the present perfect, because the period reaches up to now. For twelve years in this city means she still lives there.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)has lived
A)livedThe past simple would suggest the living ended, and it does not work with the for phrase used in this open sense.
B)is livingThe present continuous works with for only in the sense of a temporary or non-permanent arrangement.
C)has livedCorrect! For with a duration that reaches the present calls for the present perfect.
D)had livedThe past perfect would place the twelve years before another past point, and there is none in the sentence.
💡 Explicación
For plus a period of time is a signature of the present perfect, because the period reaches up to now. For twelve years in this city means she still lives there.
Pregunta 4
Pregunta 4 · D3Bloom: Apply
A result is important in the present, so no past time is given.
___ you ever ___ in a helicopter?
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)Have ... flown
💡 Explicación
Ever is a present perfect marker. The structure is have plus ever plus past participle, with the subject and the auxiliary in the right order in the question.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)Have ... flown
A)Did ... flyDid with ever is not the standard form, and did asks about a definite past moment.
B)Have ... flyingThe present perfect needs the past participle flown, not the -ing form flying.
C)Do ... flyDo builds the present simple and cannot be combined with ever in this way.
D)Have ... flownCorrect! Ever belongs to the present perfect and is used with the participle after have.
💡 Explicación
Ever is a present perfect marker. The structure is have plus ever plus past participle, with the subject and the auxiliary in the right order in the question.
Pregunta 5
Pregunta 5 · D3Bloom: Apply
A negative statement covering the whole period up to now.
She ___ never ___ spicy food in her life.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)has ... eaten
💡 Explicación
Expressions such as in her life, so far and up to now all point to the present perfect, in both the affirmative and the negative. The participle form is what follows has.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)has ... eaten
A)has ... eatenCorrect! In her life covers all time up to now, so the present perfect negative is correct.
B)did ... eatDid refers to a definite past moment, while in her life is deliberately open ended.
C)have ... ateAfter have the verb must be a past participle, and ate is the past simple form.
D)is ... eatingA present continuous would describe an action happening now, not the whole life up to now.
💡 Explicación
Expressions such as in her life, so far and up to now all point to the present perfect, in both the affirmative and the negative. The participle form is what follows has.
Pregunta 6
Pregunta 6 · D3Bloom: Apply
The action is finished and the exact time is stated.
He ___ his homework an hour ago, so he is free now.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)finished
💡 Explicación
The rule is about the time expression, not about the result. A finished past time such as an hour ago, yesterday or in 2010 always takes the past simple.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)finished
A)has finishedThe present perfect cannot stand with an hour ago, because that time cuts the action off from the present.
B)finishedCorrect! An hour ago is a finished past time, so the past simple is used.
C)finishesThe present simple would make the finishing a habit, but the sentence reports one finished action.
D)has been finishingThe present perfect continuous would need an open period still going on.
💡 Explicación
The rule is about the time expression, not about the result. A finished past time such as an hour ago, yesterday or in 2010 always takes the past simple.
Pregunta 7
Pregunta 7 · D3Bloom: Apply
The activity started in the past and is still running.
It ___ since six this morning, and it has not stopped once.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)has been raining
💡 Explicación
The present perfect continuous emphasises duration from a past start up to now. Since plus a clock time is one of its clearest markers, and the continuing result confirms it.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)has been raining
A)rainedThe past simple would present the rain as over, while has not stopped once shows it continues.
B)is rainingThe present continuous would lose the link with the starting time given by since.
C)has been rainingCorrect! Since six this morning with an activity still running takes the present perfect continuous.
D)had been rainingThe past perfect continuous would need a past reference point, and this morning is still today.
💡 Explicación
The present perfect continuous emphasises duration from a past start up to now. Since plus a clock time is one of its clearest markers, and the continuing result confirms it.
Pregunta 8
Pregunta 8 · D3Bloom: Apply
A finished period measured from a point in the past.
They ___ married for eight years before they moved abroad.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)had been
💡 Explicación
Before they moved abroad is a past reference point. Measuring a duration that ended at that point requires had plus been plus the participle.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)had been
A)have beenThe present perfect continuous cannot look back from a past event such as the move.
B)areA present continuous would place the marriage in the present, which the move contradicts.
C)will have beenThe future perfect projects forward from a future point, and the move is in the past.
D)had beenCorrect! The past perfect continuous measures a period completed before another past event, the move.
💡 Explicación
Before they moved abroad is a past reference point. Measuring a duration that ended at that point requires had plus been plus the participle.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta 9 · D3Bloom: Apply
A recent action whose present result is the point of the sentence.
___ you ___ the results yet?
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)Have ... received
💡 Explicación
Yet is another present perfect marker, used for things expected but not yet received. The question is about the present state of the result.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)Have ... received
A)Have ... receivedCorrect! Yet belongs to the present perfect and asks about a result that has not arrived.
B)Did ... receiveDid with yet is not used, because yet places the question in the present period.
C)Have ... receivingThe present perfect needs the participle received, not the -ing form.
D)Will ... receiveA future form would ask about an expectation, not about whether the result is already in.
💡 Explicación
Yet is another present perfect marker, used for things expected but not yet received. The question is about the present state of the result.
Pregunta 10
Pregunta 10 · D4Bloom: Apply
A non-continuous verb completed within an open period.
I ___ three emails since I sat down this morning.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)have sent
💡 Explicación
With verbs that do not continue, the present perfect counts completed actions inside an open period. Continuous verbs take the continuous form and count events the same way.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)have sent
A)sentThe past simple would need a finished past time, but since I sat down keeps the period open.
B)have sentCorrect! A countable verb completed in a period that reaches now takes the present perfect.
C)am sendingA present continuous would suggest the sending is going on right now rather than completed three times.
D)had sentThe past perfect would place the emails before another past point, which the sentence does not have.
💡 Explicación
With verbs that do not continue, the present perfect counts completed actions inside an open period. Continuous verbs take the continuous form and count events the same way.
Pregunta 11
Pregunta 11 · D3Bloom: Apply
The information is no longer available.
The museum ___ from its collection, but the catalogue still lists the painting.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)has removed
💡 Explicación
The present perfect is used when a past action explains the present. The still lists clause is the present state that makes the present perfect necessary.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)has removed
A)removedThe past simple would leave the present relevance unstated, and the contradiction with the catalogue needs the link to now.
B)is removingA present continuous would suggest the removal is still under way, which the catalogue does not support.
C)has removedCorrect! The catalogue still lists it, so the removal is relevant in the present.
D)had removedThe past perfect would need a past point to look back from, and there is none.
💡 Explicación
The present perfect is used when a past action explains the present. The still lists clause is the present state that makes the present perfect necessary.
Pregunta 12
Pregunta 12 · D3Bloom: Apply
A negative statement about a period in the past that has closed.
I didn't go to the concert, ___ because I had no money then.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)because
💡 Explicación
A negative past statement often takes because to explain the cause. The reason for not going is given directly, and a contrast would need although or however.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)because
A)althoughAlthough would contrast two facts without giving the reason, so the causal link is lost.
B)soSo gives a result, and the sentence is explaining a cause rather than a consequence.
C)unlessUnless introduces a condition, and no condition is being proposed here.
D)becauseCorrect! Because introduces the reason for a negative past statement.
💡 Explicación
A negative past statement often takes because to explain the cause. The reason for not going is given directly, and a contrast would need although or however.
Pregunta 13
Pregunta 13 · D4Bloom: Apply
The form of the present perfect with an irregular verb.
They ___ in the same town all their lives, and they are not planning to leave.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)have lived
💡 Explicación
Regular verbs add -ed to the participle, and live simply doubles the final e. All their lives is the open period that points to the present perfect.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)have lived
A)have livedCorrect! 'Live' takes lived in the past participle, so the correct form is have lived.
B)have liviedThe spelling is wrong: the past participle of live is lived, with no extra i.
C)have liveAfter have the verb must be a past participle, and the base form live does not work here.
D)are livingA present continuous with all their lives is possible for a temporary arrangement, but it loses the open duration.
💡 Explicación
Regular verbs add -ed to the participle, and live simply doubles the final e. All their lives is the open period that points to the present perfect.
Pregunta 14
Pregunta 14 · D3Bloom: Apply
The sentence needs the participle, not the past simple.
Have you ___ the invitation from the mayor yet?
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)received
💡 Explicación
Regular verbs form the participle with -ed, and the spelling of receive keeps the e. What matters is that the word after have is a participle, not a base form.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)received
A)receividThat is not a word in English; the participle of receive is received.
B)receivedCorrect! 'Receive' is a regular verb and its past participle is received.
C)receivingThe -ing form belongs to continuous tenses, not to the present perfect.
D)receivesReceives is the third person singular present form and cannot follow have.
💡 Explicación
Regular verbs form the participle with -ed, and the spelling of receive keeps the e. What matters is that the word after have is a participle, not a base form.
Pregunta 15
Pregunta 15 · D4Bloom: Analyze
The state began in the past and still holds.
I ___ never ___ such a long exam in my life.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)have ... sat
💡 Explicación
Never and in my life are present perfect markers, and the participle of sit is sat. Both halves of the sentence work together to close the period at now.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)have ... sat
A)did ... sitDid is for a definite past moment, while in my life covers all of the past up to now.
B)have ... sittedSitted is not the participle; the correct irregular participle of sit is sat.
C)have ... satCorrect! Never and in my life both point to the present perfect, and sit has the irregular participle sat.
D)am ... sittingA present continuous would describe a current action and cannot cover the whole life.
💡 Explicación
Never and in my life are present perfect markers, and the participle of sit is sat. Both halves of the sentence work together to close the period at now.
Pregunta 16
Pregunta 16 · D3Bloom: Apply
A state that is still true, expressed with a stative verb.
They ___ in La Paz since 2010, and they still go there every year.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)have lived
💡 Explicación
Since plus a year is a present perfect marker, and the second clause confirms that the state continues. The two clauses together rule out every past tense.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)have lived
A)livedThe past simple would suggest they no longer live there, and the since phrase rules that out.
B)are livingA present continuous would suggest the arrangement is temporary or not permanent.
C)had livedThe past perfect would need a past point to look back from, and since 2010 is not that.
D)have livedCorrect! Since 2010 with a state that continues is expressed with the present perfect.
💡 Explicación
Since plus a year is a present perfect marker, and the second clause confirms that the state continues. The two clauses together rule out every past tense.
Pregunta 17
Pregunta 17 · D3Bloom: Apply
The action was performed on a date and there is no present relevance.
The committee ___ the budget on 5 March and announced it the same evening.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)approved
💡 Explicación
A precise date is a finished past time. The present perfect is reserved for actions whose present relevance is being reported, and none is reported here.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)approved
A)approvedCorrect! The date closes the action in the past, so the past simple is correct.
B)has approvedThe present perfect cannot be used with a finished past date such as 5 March.
C)approvesThe present simple would place the approval in the present, which the date denies.
D)was approvingA past continuous would suggest the approval was still in progress, which it was not.
💡 Explicación
A precise date is a finished past time. The present perfect is reserved for actions whose present relevance is being reported, and none is reported here.
Pregunta 18
Pregunta 18 · D4Bloom: Apply
A short unfinished period, expressed with a countable verb.
___ you ___ anything to eat since breakfast?
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)Have ... had
💡 Explicación
Since plus a meal or a moment of the day opens a period that is still open at the moment of speaking. The countable verb take therefore appears in the present perfect with had.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)Have ... had
A)Did ... haveDid is not used with since, because since keeps the period reaching the present.
B)Have ... hadCorrect! Since breakfast starts an open period, and the participle of have is had.
C)Have ... havingAfter have the verb must be a participle, and having is the -ing form.
D)Are ... havingA present continuous question would ask about the moment of speaking, not the period since breakfast.
💡 Explicación
Since plus a meal or a moment of the day opens a period that is still open at the moment of speaking. The countable verb take therefore appears in the present perfect with had.
Pregunta 19
Pregunta 19 · D3Bloom: Apply
The person has arrived and the arrival matters now.
The delegation ___ at the airport; the officials are waiting outside.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)has arrived
💡 Explicación
The present perfect reports a completed arrival whose consequence is happening now. The second clause is the present evidence that the tense must reach up to now.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)has arrived
A)arrivedThe past simple would leave the present moment open, and the officials waiting outside closes it.
B)is arrivingA present continuous would suggest the plane is still on its way, not that the arrival is complete.
C)has arrivedCorrect! The waiting officials show the arrival is complete and relevant now.
D)will arriveA future form contradicts the officials already waiting for the delegation.
💡 Explicación
The present perfect reports a completed arrival whose consequence is happening now. The second clause is the present evidence that the tense must reach up to now.
Pregunta 20
Pregunta 20 · D3Bloom: Apply
A negative sentence contrasting two activities in the same period.
She ___ the report, ___ she has read every article twice.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)has not finished ... but
💡 Explicación
Both activities belong to the present period, so both need the present perfect, and but marks the contrast. Choosing the connector changes the meaning of the whole sentence.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)has not finished ... but
A)did not finish ... soDid places the actions in a finished past moment, and so would give a result rather than a contrast.
B)has not finished ... becauseBecause gives a reason, and the second clause is not the reason why the report is unfinished.
C)was not finishing ... althoughA past continuous would place the first action in a past scene that the present perfect reading contradicts.
D)has not finished ... butCorrect! But contrasts the unfinished report with the completed reading, both inside the present period.
💡 Explicación
Both activities belong to the present period, so both need the present perfect, and but marks the contrast. Choosing the connector changes the meaning of the whole sentence.
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