Passive Perfect

Respuesta correcta: A) have not been published

• A) have not been publishedCorrect! A negative present perfect passive is have plus not plus been plus participle.
• B) did not publishDid builds active tenses and cannot appear in a passive structure.
• C) are not publishedA present passive would describe a routine rather than the absence of a result up to now.
• D) were not publishedA past passive would place the non-publication in a finished past moment.

Respuesta correcta: B) were posted

• A) have been postedA present perfect would leave the posting inside the present period, and yesterday closes it.
• B) were postedCorrect! A finished past time takes the past simple passive, were plus participle.
• C) are postedA present passive would describe a routine, and the letters were sent once.
• D) had been postedA past perfect would need a past point later than yesterday, and there is none.

Respuesta correcta: C) Have ... been sent

• A) Did ... sendDid builds active questions and cannot carry a perfect structure.
• B) Have ... sentThat is the active form, and the tickets cannot send themselves.
• C) Have ... been sentCorrect! A present perfect passive question takes have before the subject and been plus participle after.
• D) Are ... sentA present passive would describe a routine, and the question is about completion up to now.

Respuesta correcta: D) had ... been locked

• A) was ... lockedA past passive would leave the two past events without an established order.
• B) has ... been lockedA present perfect would measure up to now, and the guard arriving is the past reference point.
• C) had ... lockedThe been is missing, and the auxiliary would then be the active past perfect.
• D) had ... been lockedCorrect! The past perfect passive is had plus been plus participle.

Respuesta correcta: A) will have been replaced

• A) will have been replacedCorrect! The future perfect passive is will plus have plus been plus participle.
• B) will have replacedThat is the active form, and the bridge cannot replace itself.
• C) will be replacedA future simple would place the replacement at the deadline rather than complete before it.
• D) had been replacedA past perfect would look back from a past point, and 2030 is in the future.

Respuesta correcta: B) has been worked

• A) has been being workedThis form is virtually never used in modern English and would sound artificial.
• B) has been workedCorrect! English uses the present perfect passive here, because the perfect continuous passive does not exist in normal use.
• C) is being workedA present continuous would describe the work happening now, and the period is a closed two months.
• D) had been workedA past perfect would place the work in a period before a past point, and the period is still open.

Respuesta correcta: C) will not have been completed

• A) will not have completedThat is the active form, and the building cannot complete itself.
• B) would not have been completedA would would report an unreal possibility, and the sentence states a real lack of approval.
• C) will not have been completedCorrect! A negative future perfect passive takes will not have been plus participle.
• D) has not been completedA present perfect would look back from now, and the deadline is at the end of the year.

Respuesta correcta: D) have been lost

• A) were lostA past passive would leave the loss in a finished past moment with no link to the present problem.
• B) are losingA continuous would suggest the glasses are actively losing something, which is not a possible reading.
• C) are lostA present passive would describe a routine, and the loss happened once.
• D) have been lostCorrect! The present state of not having the glasses is the point, so the present perfect passive fits.

Respuesta correcta: A) has been sent

• A) has been sentCorrect! A singular subject takes has plus been plus participle.
• B) have been sentHave would be correct for a plural subject, but the package is singular.
• C) was sentA past passive would place the sending in a closed past moment, and the present result matters here.
• D) is being sentA continuous would place the sending under way now, and the seller is speaking about a past action.

Respuesta correcta: B) could not be

• A) cannot beCannot would place the impossibility in the present, but the weather was damp last week.
• B) could not beCorrect! The past of can is could, so the negative modal passive is could not be plus participle.
• C) would not beWould would build a conditional, and the sentence reports what actually happened.
• D) must not beMust not expresses prohibition, and nothing prohibited the painting last week.

Respuesta correcta: C) Has ... been deleted

• A) Did ... deleteDid belongs to the past simple and the question is about a present state.
• B) Has ... deletedThat is the active form, and the message cannot delete itself.
• C) Has ... been deletedCorrect! Yet belongs to the present perfect passive, and deleted is the past participle of delete.
• D) Was ... deletedA past passive would place the deletion in a closed past moment, and yet needs the open period.

Respuesta correcta: D) had been recovered

• A) has been recoveredA present perfect would ignore the two days that separate the two past events.
• B) was recoveredA past passive would work in a simple sequence, but after the theft fixes a clear order.
• C) had recoveredThe been is missing, so this would be the active past perfect with the wrong subject.
• D) had been recoveredCorrect! The recovery came after the theft, so the past perfect passive with by is correct.

Respuesta correcta: A) had repaired

• A) had repairedCorrect! The named doer is the subject, so the active past perfect is the natural structure.
• B) had been repaired by himThe passive is possible, but naming the doer as the subject makes the active more direct.
• C) has repairedA present perfect would place the repair inside the present period, and the exam has started.
• D) was repairingA past continuous would suggest the repair was still under way when the exam started.

Respuesta correcta: B) have been received

• A) has been receivedHas is the singular auxiliary, and both forms counts as plural.
• B) have been receivedCorrect! A plural subject takes have plus been plus participle, and the office closure is the present consequence.
• C) were receivedA past passive would place the receiving in a closed past moment with no present link.
• D) are receivedA present passive would describe a routine, and the forms arrived once.

Respuesta correcta: C) Will ... have been completed

• A) Did ... completeDid cannot carry a perfect structure, and December is a future deadline.
• B) Will ... be completingA future continuous would suggest the work is under way at December rather than complete.
• C) Will ... have been completedCorrect! A future perfect passive question takes will before the subject and have been plus participle after.
• D) Has ... been completedA present perfect would look back from now, and the question is about a future point.

Respuesta correcta: D) had ... been treated

• A) was ... being treatedA past continuous would mean the treatment was still running, which the arrival of the nurse ends.
• B) had ... treatingThe participle is missing and the verb is the -ing form, so the structure is not a passive.
• C) is ... treatedA present passive would place the treatment now, and the scene is entirely in the past.
• D) had ... been treatedCorrect! The treatment was complete before the nurse arrived, so the past perfect passive is correct.

Respuesta correcta: A) was made

• A) was madeCorrect! A decision is made rather than making, so the passive is the only structure available.
• B) madeThe active would claim that the decision made itself, which is not a possible reading.
• C) has madeThe active present perfect would have the same impossible meaning.
• D) was makingA past continuous would also make the decision the agent of the action.

Respuesta correcta: B) have been lost ... had been lost

• A) have been lost ... have been lostKeeping the present perfect would require the reporting verb she said to be present.
• B) have been lost ... had been lostCorrect! A present perfect backshifts to the past perfect, and the passive part of the verb is unchanged.
• C) will be lost ... had been lostA will would shift to would, and a will cannot appear in a report of a present perfect.
• D) are lost ... were lostA present simple does not match the original structure, and its past form would be the wrong backshift.

Respuesta correcta: C) Have ... submitted

• A) Did ... submitDid refers to a finished past moment, and since nine this morning keeps the period open.
• B) Were ... submittedA past passive would close the period at nine, which the since phrase denies.
• C) Have ... submittedCorrect! Since nine this morning opens a period that reaches now, so the present perfect passive is correct.
• D) Have ... been submittingA perfect continuous passive is not used in modern English, so this form is not available.

Respuesta correcta: D) was refurbished ... will be refurbished

• A) was refurbished ... is refurbishedA present passive would make the second action a routine, and tomorrow is a single event.
• B) has been refurbished ... will be refurbishedA present perfect would leave the first action inside the present period, and last year closes it.
• C) were refurbished ... will refurbishedThe second part is missing its passive auxiliary, and the participle alone cannot form a passive.
• D) was refurbished ... will be refurbishedCorrect! Two different time references require two different passive tenses in the same sentence.