A defining relative clause, where the pronoun acts as the subject.
The woman ___ lives next door is a doctor.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)who
💡 Explicación
A defining relative clause is essential to the meaning of the noun. It needs its own subject and verb, which is who in this sentence.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)who
A)whoCorrect! Who is the subject of lives, and a defining clause needs a subject to complete the sentence.
B)whichWhich refers to things, and the woman is a person.
C)whoseWhose expresses possession, and there is no possession in this sentence.
D)whomWhom is the object form and would need a verb after it, but lives is already complete.
💡 Explicación
A defining relative clause is essential to the meaning of the noun. It needs its own subject and verb, which is who in this sentence.
Pregunta 2
Pregunta 2 · D2Bloom: Apply
A defining relative clause with a possessive pronoun.
The student ___ essay won the prize comes from León.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)whose
💡 Explicación
Whose expresses possession and works with a noun directly after it. The noun it modifies is the possessive object, and the clause has no separate verb of its own.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)whose
A)whoWho would be the subject of the clause, but the clause has no verb of its own here.
B)whoseCorrect! Whose shows possession of the essay, and the relative pronoun refers back to the student.
C)whichWhich cannot be used for people, and the student is a person.
D)whatWhat cannot be used with an antecedent noun, and there is a clear antecedent here.
💡 Explicación
Whose expresses possession and works with a noun directly after it. The noun it modifies is the possessive object, and the clause has no separate verb of its own.
Pregunta 3
Pregunta 3 · D3Bloom: Apply
A defining relative clause where the pronoun is the object.
The film ___ we watched last night was excellent.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)that
💡 Explicación
That is the most versatile relative pronoun. It can be a subject or an object and it works with both people and things, which is why it is the default in exam answers.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)that
A)whichWhich would also be possible in formal English, but that is the safer general choice for an object.
B)whatWhat has no antecedent, and this clause clearly refers back to the film.
C)thatCorrect! That is the neutral object pronoun and works for both people and things.
D)whereWhere asks about a place and cannot stand in for the object of watched.
💡 Explicación
That is the most versatile relative pronoun. It can be a subject or an object and it works with both people and things, which is why it is the default in exam answers.
Pregunta 4
Pregunta 4 · D3Bloom: Apply
A defining relative clause with a preposition at the end.
The teacher ___ we spoke to was very patient.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)that
💡 Explicación
After a preposition the relative pronoun becomes the object of that preposition. The preposition itself is left at the end of the clause in formal English.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)that
A)to whoIn English the preposition stays at the end of the clause, and to who is not a possible order.
B)whichWhich would restrict the verb to things, and the teacher is a person.
C)whatWhat cannot stand for an object that already has an antecedent.
D)thatCorrect! The relative pronoun is the object of the preposition to, and that is the neutral choice here.
💡 Explicación
After a preposition the relative pronoun becomes the object of that preposition. The preposition itself is left at the end of the clause in formal English.
Pregunta 5
Pregunta 5 · D3Bloom: Apply
A defining relative clause introduced by a prepositional phrase.
The house ___ we grew up in has been sold.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)where
💡 Explicación
Where, when and why replace the pronoun plus preposition combination. We grew up in it becomes where we grew up.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)where
A)whereCorrect! In a prepositional phrase the relative adverb replaces the pronoun and the preposition disappears.
B)in whichIn which is possible in formal English, but where is shorter and the standard everyday choice.
C)thatThat would need the preposition as well, and the sentence already omits it in favour of where.
D)whatWhat cannot be used with an antecedent noun, and the house is a clear antecedent.
💡 Explicación
Where, when and why replace the pronoun plus preposition combination. We grew up in it becomes where we grew up.
Pregunta 6
Pregunta 6 · D3Bloom: Apply
A defining relative clause about time.
That is the year ___ the school opened.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)when
💡 Explicación
Relative adverbs replace the pronoun plus the preposition: in which becomes when, in which became when. The clause then has its own subject and verb.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)when
A)in whichIn which is longer and less natural, and when is the standard relative adverb for time.
B)whenCorrect! When replaces the preposition in a time phrase and acts as the subject of opened.
C)whichWhich would need the preposition at the end, such as which the school opened in, which is clumsy here.
D)thatThat can be a subject pronoun but it cannot replace a time preposition on its own.
💡 Explicación
Relative adverbs replace the pronoun plus the preposition: in which becomes when, in which became when. The clause then has its own subject and verb.
Pregunta 7
Pregunta 7 · D3Bloom: Apply
A defining relative clause about a reason.
She is the only student ___ passed the exam.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)who
💡 Explicación
When the relative pronoun is the subject of the clause, the clause has a full verb of its own. Who and which both work as subjects, and the choice depends on the antecedent.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)who
A)thatThat would also be grammatically possible, but who is more precise when the pronoun is the subject of a clause about a person.
B)whichWhich refers to things, and the student is a person.
C)whoCorrect! The relative pronoun is the subject of passed, so who is the natural choice.
D)whyWhy expresses a reason, and this clause gives no reason.
💡 Explicación
When the relative pronoun is the subject of the clause, the clause has a full verb of its own. Who and which both work as subjects, and the choice depends on the antecedent.
Pregunta 8
Pregunta 8 · D3Bloom: Apply
A defining relative clause joined to another relative pronoun.
He is the man ___ car I repaired last week.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)whose
💡 Explicación
A defining clause can hold two different relationships at once. Whose connects the man to the car as its possessor, while I is the subject of repaired.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)whose
A)whoWho would need a verb after it, and the clause has repaired with no further subject.
B)whichWhich would refer to the man rather than the car, and it cannot express possession.
C)thatThat would be the subject of the clause, and the possessive link would be lost.
D)whoseCorrect! Whose links the clause to the noun car and expresses possession.
💡 Explicación
A defining clause can hold two different relationships at once. Whose connects the man to the car as its possessor, while I is the subject of repaired.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta 9 · D3Bloom: Apply
A defining relative clause where the pronoun is the object of a preposition.
The project ___ I was working on is finally finished.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)that
💡 Explicación
The preposition can sit in two places. In everyday English it closes the clause, while in formal English it is placed before the relative pronoun.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)that
A)thatCorrect! The pronoun is the object of on, and that is the neutral object form.
B)on whichPutting the preposition before the pronoun is only acceptable in very formal English and is not the everyday form.
C)whatWhat has no antecedent and cannot be used with a preceding noun.
D)whichWhich would restrict the verb to things, and the project is a project but the safer form is that.
💡 Explicación
The preposition can sit in two places. In everyday English it closes the clause, while in formal English it is placed before the relative pronoun.
Pregunta 10
Pregunta 10 · D3Bloom: Apply
A defining relative clause with a past continuous verb.
The man ___ was talking to my brother is the new head of the department.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)who
💡 Explicación
A defining relative clause can hold any tense, including continuous forms. The only requirement is that the clause has its own subject and verb.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)who
A)wasA bare auxiliary would leave the clause without a subject of its own.
B)whoCorrect! The clause needs a subject before the past continuous, and who supplies it.
C)whichWhich refers to things, and the man is a person.
D)whoseWhose expresses possession, and there is nothing possessed in this clause.
💡 Explicación
A defining relative clause can hold any tense, including continuous forms. The only requirement is that the clause has its own subject and verb.
Pregunta 11
Pregunta 11 · D3Bloom: Apply
A defining relative clause about a place, formal version.
The city ___ I was born has changed enormously.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)in which
💡 Explicación
Where and in which mean the same thing. Where is shorter and more common, while in which is the form that formal and academic writing often prefers.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)in which
A)in thatIn that introduces a result or a fact rather than a place, and the clause has no verb.
B)at whichAt would suggest a point rather than a location, and the standard preposition for a place is in.
C)in whichCorrect! The preposition plus relative pronoun is the formal alternative to where.
D)on whatWhat cannot follow a preposition with a noun antecedent, so this combination is not possible.
💡 Explicación
Where and in which mean the same thing. Where is shorter and more common, while in which is the form that formal and academic writing often prefers.
Pregunta 12
Pregunta 12 · D3Bloom: Apply
A defining relative clause where that is the object.
The book ___ you recommended was out of print.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)that
💡 Explicación
That covers both the subject and the object positions. That you recommended is the object, and that which changed the country is the subject.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)that
A)whichWhich is also valid in formal English, but that is the safer general choice with an object pronoun.
B)whatWhat would carry the meaning inside itself and cannot stand after a noun antecedent.
C)whereWhere replaces a place preposition, and recommended has no place here.
D)thatCorrect! That is the object of recommended and works for both people and things.
💡 Explicación
That covers both the subject and the object positions. That you recommended is the object, and that which changed the country is the subject.
Pregunta 13
Pregunta 13 · D4Bloom: Apply
A defining relative clause with a proper noun as the antecedent.
Cortazar, ___ wrote Rayuela, was an Argentine writer.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)who
💡 Explicación
Relative pronouns are chosen by function, not just by the type of antecedent. The subject role with a person calls for who, and the verb wrote confirms that role.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)who
A)whoCorrect! Who is the subject of wrote and refers to a person.
B)whichWhich would refer to a thing, and the antecedent is a person.
C)thatThat would also be possible, but who is more precise with a person subject in formal writing.
D)whoseWhose would claim that Cortazar possesses the novel, which is not the relationship in this sentence.
💡 Explicación
Relative pronouns are chosen by function, not just by the type of antecedent. The subject role with a person calls for who, and the verb wrote confirms that role.
Pregunta 14
Pregunta 14 · D3Bloom: Apply
A defining relative clause attached to a plural antecedent.
The students ___ failed will retake the exam in March.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)who
💡 Explicación
The finite verb of the relative clause tells you whether the pronoun is a subject or an object. A finite verb needs a subject, and that is who or which.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)who
A)whichWhich would be wrong here because failed is a finite verb and the clause needs a person subject.
B)whoCorrect! The pronoun is the subject of failed and the verb already shows a plural subject, so who is correct.
C)whatWhat cannot be used with an antecedent noun, however plural it is.
D)whoseWhose expresses possession and there is nothing possessed in this clause.
💡 Explicación
The finite verb of the relative clause tells you whether the pronoun is a subject or an object. A finite verb needs a subject, and that is who or which.
Pregunta 15
Pregunta 15 · D3Bloom: Apply
A defining relative clause with a that-clause, where the pronoun is the subject.
This is the only option ___ works on every phone.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)that
💡 Explicación
With a subject pronoun for a thing, both that and which work, and that is the more common choice. What is never allowed with an antecedent.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)that
A)whichWhich is possible in formal English, but that is the everyday form when the pronoun is the subject of a clause about a thing.
B)whatWhat cannot be preceded by a noun antecedent, and the option is a clear antecedent.
C)thatCorrect! That is the subject of works, and it is the standard choice for things in this position.
D)whereWhere replaces a place preposition, and works on every phone has no place element.
💡 Explicación
With a subject pronoun for a thing, both that and which work, and that is the more common choice. What is never allowed with an antecedent.
Pregunta 16
Pregunta 16 · D4Bloom: Apply
A defining relative clause in a sentence with a preposition at the end.
The people ___ we spoke to at the party were from Canada.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)whom
💡 Explicación
Whom is the formal object form of who. It appears mainly after a preposition at the end of a relative clause, and the everyday alternative is that.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)whom
A)whoWho would leave the clause without an object, because spoke needs one before to.
B)thatThat is the object form, but the formal register of the question points to whom being the better answer.
C)whichWhich cannot refer to people, and the people here is the antecedent.
D)whomCorrect! The formal object pronoun is the correct form after a preposition at the end of the clause.
💡 Explicación
Whom is the formal object form of who. It appears mainly after a preposition at the end of a relative clause, and the everyday alternative is that.
Pregunta 17
Pregunta 17 · D3Bloom: Apply
A defining relative clause about a thing, with a relative adverb for reason.
That is the reason ___ she left the company.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)why
💡 Explicación
Why, where, when and how replace their pronoun plus preposition equivalents. The reason why is the usual phrase in everyday English.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)why
A)whyCorrect! Why replaces for which and expresses the reason in the clause.
B)for whichFor which is the formal equivalent but reads awkwardly, and why is the standard relative adverb.
C)thatThat could be a subject pronoun, but the clause has no verb of its own to be the subject of.
D)whichWhich cannot replace the preposition for on its own without leaving the sentence incomplete.
💡 Explicación
Why, where, when and how replace their pronoun plus preposition equivalents. The reason why is the usual phrase in everyday English.
Pregunta 18
Pregunta 18 · D3Bloom: Apply
A defining relative clause in a question form.
Which is the film ___ won the award last year?
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)that
💡 Explicación
A wh question in the main clause does not affect the relative pronoun inside the clause. The two structures work independently, and which film is answered by the film itself.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)that
A)whichWhich is valid in formal English, but that is the more common subject pronoun in a question of this kind.
B)thatCorrect! That is the subject of won, and the wh question in the main clause is unrelated to the relative pronoun.
C)whatWhat cannot be used with the noun film, which is already a clear antecedent.
D)whenWhen replaces a time preposition, and there is no time phrase in the clause.
💡 Explicación
A wh question in the main clause does not affect the relative pronoun inside the clause. The two structures work independently, and which film is answered by the film itself.
Pregunta 19
Pregunta 19 · D4Bloom: Apply
A defining relative clause with a reduced form.
The film ___ directed by that woman won three awards.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)directed
💡 Explicación
A relative clause whose pronoun is the subject can be reduced: the film that was directed becomes the film directed. The meaning stays the same and the clause becomes an adjective phrase.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)directed
A)was directedA reduced relative clause drops the relative pronoun and keeps the verb, so a finite verb is not part of the reduced form.
B)is directingA present participle would be a reduced form of an active clause in progress, and the film is not directing.
C)directedCorrect! A defining clause can be reduced by dropping the pronoun and the auxiliary when the pronoun is the subject.
D)had directedA past perfect is not part of a reduced defining clause, and the verb has no auxiliary to attach it to.
💡 Explicación
A relative clause whose pronoun is the subject can be reduced: the film that was directed becomes the film directed. The meaning stays the same and the clause becomes an adjective phrase.
Pregunta 20
Pregunta 20 · D3Bloom: Apply
A defining relative clause where the pronoun is the subject and the verb is passive.
The students ___ sit in the front row are preparing a show.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)who
💡 Explicación
A finite verb inside a relative clause always needs a subject, and that subject is the relative pronoun. Omitting it would leave the clause incomplete.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)who
A)whichWhich would restrict the verb to things, and the students are people.
B)thatThat is also valid, but who is the more precise subject pronoun for a person.
C)sitA bare verb would leave the clause with no subject, because the relative pronoun occupies that position.
D)whoCorrect! The clause needs a subject for the finite verb sit, and who supplies it.
💡 Explicación
A finite verb inside a relative clause always needs a subject, and that subject is the relative pronoun. Omitting it would leave the clause incomplete.
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