Connectors Cause Result — Ingles Grado 11, Honduras

Bloom: Understand

A football match in a Honduran city is called off in the middle of the afternoon.

The match was cancelled ____ heavy rain flooded the pitch.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: A) because

A) becauseCorrect! 'because' introduces the cause that explains the cancellation.
B) although'although' introduces a contrast, and no contrasting fact is given here.
C) unless'unless' states a condition that would stop the rain, not a reason for the cancellation.
D) so'so' presents a result, but this sentence already gives the reason, not a consequence.

💡 Explicación

'Because' links an effect to its cause. The rain caused the cancellation, so the reason follows the connector in a second clause.

Bloom: Apply

Torrential rain blocks the main road of a town in the valley.

The roads were flooded, ____ the school closed for two days.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: B) so

A) because'because' would ask for the reason of the flood, and the sentence is already giving a consequence.
B) soCorrect! 'so' shows the result that follows from the first clause.
C) although'although' would need a contrast, but nothing opposes the flood.
D) unless'unless' needs a negative clause in the other direction, which the sentence does not have.

💡 Explicación

Result connectors such as 'so', 'therefore' and 'consequently' point forward from a fact to what follows from it.

Bloom: Apply

A traveller tells a friend about the plan for the moment of landing.

I will send you a message ____ I arrive at the airport.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: C) as soon as

A) even though'even though' introduces a concession, and the sentence states no opposition.
B) in spite of'in spite of' is followed by a noun or a gerund, not by a clause with a subject and a verb.
C) as soon asCorrect! 'as soon as' joins two present or future events, with the earlier one acting as the trigger.
D) so that'so that' states a purpose, but the message is not a goal that the arrival produces.

💡 Explicación

'As soon as' is a time connector: the second clause happens immediately after the first one is complete.

Bloom: Analyze

A school day begins with a bell that sometimes fails to sound.

____ the alarm did not ring, every student reached class on time.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: D) although

A) because'because' would make the failed alarm the reason the students were on time, and it is not.
B) so'so' would make the students on time a result, and no cause is given here.
C) unless'unless' requires a negative clause after it, and the clause here is positive.
D) althoughCorrect! 'although' introduces a fact that is expected to prevent the main clause, which is the classic concessive use.

💡 Explicación

'Although' sets an expectation and then breaks it. The alarm should have caused lateness, yet the class was punctual.

Bloom: Analyze

A student checks the clock before the last bus leaves the town.

You will miss the last bus ____ you leave the school now.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: A) unless

A) unlessCorrect! 'unless' states the only condition that would stop the result in the main clause.
B) although'although' introduces a concession, and the sentence presents a condition instead.
C) because'because' would need a reason for missing the bus, and no reason is offered.
D) so that'so that' states a purpose, but leaving now is not presented as a goal.

💡 Explicación

'Unless' is followed by a negative clause and means 'if not'. Here the bus is caught only if the student leaves now.

Bloom: Analyze

A visitor addresses a full auditorium during an open house at a school.

She spoke very slowly ____ every student in the hall could hear her.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: B) so that

A) even if'even if' introduces a concession, and no unexpected obstacle is mentioned.
B) so thatCorrect! 'so that' introduces a purpose: the slow voice was the means and comprehension the goal.
C) in case'in case' introduces a precaution against a possible event, and no risk is described.
D) as long as'as long as' introduces a condition, but the hearing is not stated as a requirement.

💡 Explicación

'So that' marks purpose. The intention behind the slow, clear voice is that every listener understands the message.

Bloom: Evaluate

A group is ready to photograph the school parade with a digital camera.

The battery is completely empty; ____ we will not be able to take the picture.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: C) otherwise

A) moreover'moreover' adds extra information of the same value, and no addition is made here.
B) however'however' contrasts two facts, but both clauses agree that the camera is useless.
C) otherwiseCorrect! 'otherwise' states the bad alternative if the problem is not solved.
D) therefore'therefore' states a result, and the sentence is presenting a warning rather than a conclusion.

💡 Explicación

'Otherwise' links a problem to the consequence that arrives if the problem is ignored, which is exactly the warning here.

Bloom: Apply

A match is played outdoors although the forecast promised storms.

____ the heavy rain, the football match went ahead on time.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: D) despite

A) because of'because of' must also be followed by a noun, but it would reverse the logic and explain the match, not contrast it.
B) so that'so that' introduces a purpose and needs a result clause, which is not present.
C) unless'unless' needs a negative clause, and the second clause here is positive and surprising.
D) despiteCorrect! 'despite' is a preposition and is followed directly by the noun 'the heavy rain'.

💡 Explicación

'Despite' is followed by a noun phrase or a gerund, never by a full clause. The concession is expected to stop the match.

Bloom: Evaluate

A traveller compares two small hotels in a colonial town.

The guesthouse is very cheap. ____, it is a long walk from the main square.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: A) however

A) howeverCorrect! 'however' marks a contrast between the low price and the inconvenient distance.
B) therefore'therefore' would make the distance a result of the price, which is not the relationship here.
C) moreover'moreover' would add a supporting detail, and the second clause weakens The third one.
D) otherwise'otherwise' needs a negative or alternative second clause, and this clause is a plain statement.

💡 Explicación

'However', 'nevertheless' and 'yet' link two clauses that disagree. Here a good price is cancelled by a bad location.

Bloom: Analyze

A teacher asks students about the hour in which they study best.

Some students revise at night, ____ others prefer to work in the morning.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: B) whereas

A) so that'so that' would present a purpose, and no goal is stated in the second clause.
B) whereasCorrect! 'whereas' contrasts two habits of the same group of students.
C) because'because' would need one habit to explain the other, and they are simply different.
D) unless'unless' needs a negative clause, and the second clause is positive.

💡 Explicación

'Whereas' contrasts two parallel clauses and makes the difference between them explicit and easy to hear.

Bloom: Apply

A high school student chooses an extracurricular activity for the next term.

She joined the debate club ____ improve her spoken English.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: C) in order to

A) in addition to'in addition to' adds a second item and would need a noun phrase before the verb.
B) in charge of'in charge of' expresses responsibility for something and does not introduce a purpose.
C) in order toCorrect! 'in order to' introduces a purpose, and improving her English is the goal of joining.
D) in front of'in front of' is a position expression and has no grammatical link to a purpose clause.

💡 Explicación

'In order to', 'so as to' and 'to' all express purpose. Here the club membership is the means and the fluency the aim.

Bloom: Analyze

Students describe their feelings in the minutes before a difficult test.

The students were nervous, ____ they finished the exam calmly.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: D) neither ... nor

A) both ... and'both ... and' needs two positive elements, and the second clause is not part of a positive pair.
B) either ... or'either ... or' offers a choice, and no alternative is being selected here.
C) not only ... but also'not only ... but also' needs a negative first element, which is missing.
D) neither ... norCorrect! 'neither ... nor' joins two negative ideas and matches the negative adjective 'nervous'.

💡 Explicación

'Neither ... nor' is the correlative for negative clauses and keeps a single negative sense across both halves.

Bloom: Apply

Two siblings describe how they spent the same evening at home.

Luis studied for two hours; ____ his sister prepared dinner.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: A) meanwhile

A) meanwhileCorrect! 'meanwhile' links two actions happening at the same time in different places.
B) therefore'therefore' would make the dinner a result of the studying, which is not stated.
C) otherwise'otherwise' would warn about an alternative, and no problem is described.
D) whereas'whereas' would contrast the two actions, but the sentence states that they simply coincide.

💡 Explicación

'Meanwhile' and 'at the same time' mark simultaneity between two separate actions of different subjects.

Bloom: Apply

Passengers wait on the tarmac while a storm passes over the departure city.

The flight was delayed for three hours ____ a storm in Chicago.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: B) because of

A) because'because' is followed by a full clause with a verb, and only a noun phrase is available here.
B) because ofCorrect! 'because of' is followed by a noun, and 'a storm' is the cause of the delay.
C) reason of'reason of' is not an expression of cause in English; the correct noun is 'reason for'.
D) cause of'cause of' could name a cause only in a different construction, and the sentence structure does not allow it.

💡 Explicación

'Because of' takes a noun phrase; 'because' takes a clause. A noun such as 'a storm' requires the prepositional form.

Bloom: Apply

A teacher reminds students what to take for a walking tour in the hills.

Carry an umbrella ____ the weather changes, you can open it.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: C) in case

A) so that'so that' presents a purpose, and the umbrella is not aimed at any result here.
B) even though'even though' would need a concession, but the clause describes a neutral possibility.
C) in caseCorrect! 'in case' introduces a precaution against a possible future situation.
D) as far as'as far as' introduces a limit or a measure of distance, which the sentence does not express.

💡 Explicación

'In case' and 'just in case' are the standard connectives of precaution before an uncertain event.

Bloom: Analyze

A student describes the timing of two events on the same evening.

Hardly had she arrived home ____ the telephone rang.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: D) when

A) than'than' belongs to comparative structures such as 'hardly ... than', which is not the standard form here.
B) then'then' is an adverb of sequence and cannot follow 'hardly had she arrived' in this construction.
C) since'since' marks a starting point in the past and does not pair with the inverted 'hardly had' clause.
D) whenCorrect! 'when' completes the pair 'hardly ... when', which links two events in time.

💡 Explicación

'Hardly ... when' is a fixed pair. The inverted 'had' clause carries the inversion that the pair requires.

Bloom: Analyze

A classmate lends study material to another student before a test.

You may borrow my notes ____ you give them back tomorrow.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: A) as long as

A) as long asCorrect! 'as long as' states the condition on which the permission depends.
B) as soon as'as soon as' marks a moment in time, and returning the notes is not given as a time limit.
C) even though'even though' introduces a concession, and the clause sets a condition instead.
D) as far as'as far as' introduces a limit such as distance or progress, which is absent here.

💡 Explicación

'As long as' and 'provided that' both mean 'only if'. The permission is valid exactly while the condition holds.

Bloom: Evaluate

An academic office informs candidates about an examination that has been moved.

The university exam was postponed; ____, the new date will be announced on Monday.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: B) therefore

A) otherwise'otherwise' would offer the opposite case, and no alternative is described.
B) thereforeCorrect! 'therefore' presents the next logical step that follows from the postponement.
C) even so'even so' introduces a concession, and the clause agrees with the postponement instead.
D) on the other hand'on the other hand' needs a previous viewpoint to contrast, which a single statement cannot provide.

💡 Explicación

'Therefore' and 'thus' signal consequence. The announcement about the date is the logical continuation of the postponement.

Bloom: Apply

A teacher describes the two parts of a short class assessment.

____ the grammar test, the class also has a short writing task.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: C) in addition to

A) in charge of'in charge of' expresses who is responsible for something, and no task is assigned here.
B) in front of'in front of' is a preposition of position and cannot introduce an added item.
C) in addition toCorrect! 'in addition to' adds a second element of the same kind to the one already named.
D) in spite of'in spite of' introduces a contrast, and the second task does not oppose the test.

💡 Explicación

'In addition to' and 'as well as' both add information. A preposition of place cannot perform that function.

Bloom: Evaluate

Examinees arrive at a school after a delayed urban bus.

The bus was late, ____ everyone reached the examination room before nine o'clock.

Ver respuesta

Respuesta correcta: D) but

A) because'because' would make the lateness the cause of the punctual arrival, which reverses the logic.
B) so that'so that' introduces a purpose, and no intention is described.
C) in case'in case' introduces a precaution, and the second clause states an accomplished fact.
D) butCorrect! 'but' contrasts the delay of the bus with the punctual arrival of the candidates.

💡 Explicación

'But' is the shortest contrastive connector. It links two facts whose combination surprises the reader.

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