Present Perfect

Respuesta correcta: A) I have visited Cusco twice.

• A) I have visited Cusco twice.Auxiliary 'have' plus past participle is the correct structure.
• B) I have visit Cusco twice.After 'have' the verb must be the past participle 'visited'.
• C) I visited have Cusco twice.The verb order is broken in this sentence.
• D) I am visit Cusco twice.An auxiliary plus a bare verb is not a valid combination.

Respuesta correcta: B) Have

• A) Did'Did you ever eat...?' asks about a finished past event.
• B) Have'Have you ever eaten...?' is the standard present perfect question.
• C) Do'Do you ever eat...?' speaks about a habit, not about experience.
• D) Are'Are' cannot be followed by the participle 'eaten'.

Respuesta correcta: D) 'Have been' is experience; 'have gone' means the person is there now

• A) Both mean the speaker is currently in LimaOnly 'have gone' places the speaker in Lima at the time of speaking.
• B) Both refer to a future planBoth forms concern the past in relation to the present.
• C) 'Have been' is the simple past of 'be''Have been' is a present perfect form.
• D) 'Have been' is experience; 'have gone' means the person is there nowThe difference lies in whether the speaker returned.

Respuesta correcta: A) 'Saw' must be the participle 'seen'

• A) 'Saw' must be the participle 'seen'After 'have' the past participle is required.
• B) Nothing is wrong with the sentenceUsing the simple past form after 'have' is a clear error.
• C) 'Twice' must be 'two times' only'Twice' is the correct short adverb for two occurrences.
• D) 'Documentary' must be pluralThe singular form agrees with 'that documentary'.

Respuesta correcta: B) just

• A) yesterday'Yesterday' is a finished past marker and requires the simple past.
• B) just'Just' is a present perfect marker: 'She has just arrived'.
• C) last night'Last night' is a completed past period and goes with the past simple.
• D) in 1990A specific past year requires the simple past tense.

Respuesta correcta: C) went

• A) have goneThe present perfect is incompatible with a finished past year.
• B) am goingThe present continuous places the action now, not in 2018.
• C) went'Went' is the simple past required by the closed past time 'in 2018'.
• D) had goneThe past perfect would require another past reference point.

Respuesta correcta: C) They have already submitted the forms.

• A) They have already submit the forms.The participle 'submitted' is required after 'have'.
• B) They already have submit the forms.The adverb must sit between the auxiliary and the participle.
• C) They have already submitted the forms.Auxiliary 'have' plus participle with the marker 'already'.
• D) They are already submitted the forms.'Are' plus participle is not a valid combination here.

Respuesta correcta: C) A past action with a present result

• A) A repeated action in the pastRepetition would need 'twice' or a frequency adverb.
• B) A future intentionNo future element appears in the sentence.
• C) A past action with a present resultThat present relevance is the core meaning of the present perfect.
• D) A habit that continues indefinitelyA habit belongs to the simple present.

Respuesta correcta: D) She has not arrived yet.

• A) She not has arrived yet.The auxiliary must precede the adverb 'not'.
• B) She has not arrive yet.The participle 'arrived' is required after 'has not'.
• C) She does not arrived yet.The present perfect requires 'has not', not 'does not'.
• D) She has not arrived yet.'Has not' plus participle is the correct negative structure.

Respuesta correcta: B) has lived / since

• A) lived / sinceThe simple past would contradict the continuing meaning implied by 'since'.
• B) has lived / since'Has lived since' expresses a situation that began in the past and continues.
• C) has living / sinceAfter 'has' the participle 'lived' is required, not the gerund.
• D) is living / sinceThe present continuous cannot be combined with 'since' in this usage.

Respuesta correcta: D) She has been learning English for two years.

• A) She is learning English for two years.The present continuous is not normally used with a completed duration.
• B) She learns English for two years.The simple present with 'for' describes a habit, not an ongoing duration.
• C) She had learned English for two years.The past perfect places the learning before another past moment.
• D) She has been learning English for two years.'Has been learning' marks a duration started in the past and still ongoing.

Respuesta correcta: A) The debate began in the past and continues now

• A) The debate began in the past and continues now'Still' connects an earlier situation with the present moment.
• B) The debate finished recently'Still' is the opposite of a completed action.
• C) The debate has not started yet'Still' presupposes that the debate is already under way.
• D) Historians agree on the explanation'Debate' signals disagreement, the opposite of agreement.

Respuesta correcta: B) He has not found his keys yet.

• A) He has not yet found his keys.This placement is also accepted, but the sentence contradicts the 'end position' rule used here.
• B) He has not found his keys yet.The adverb 'yet' at the end of the negative sentence is the standard position.
• C) He yet has not found his keys.Putting 'yet' before the auxiliary is not the natural order.
• D) Yet he has not found his keys.'Yet' cannot open the sentence in this meaning.

Respuesta correcta: B) How many times have you been to Lima?

• A) How many times did you go to Lima?That asks about past occurrences with a closed time reference.
• B) How many times have you been to Lima?'Have you been' is the correct structure for counting experiences.
• C) How many times you have been to Lima?The auxiliary is missing before the subject.
• D) How many times are you been to Lima?'Are' cannot be combined with the participle 'been'.

Respuesta correcta: A) I have visited Lima last Tuesday.

• A) I have visited Lima last Tuesday.A closed past time requires the simple past: 'I visited Lima last Tuesday'.
• B) She has gone to Cusco twice.A counted experience with 'twice' is correct in the present perfect.
• C) We have known each other since 2010.'Since' plus a date is a standard present perfect pattern.
• D) They have just arrived at the airport.'Just' is a present perfect marker, so the form is correct.

Respuesta correcta: D) She has worked here for five years.

• A) She are working here for five years.'Are' does not agree with 'she', and the continuous is wrong with the duration.
• B) She have been working here since five years.The auxiliary is wrong and 'since' cannot be followed by a duration.
• C) She works here for five years.The simple present would describe a job, not an accumulated duration.
• D) She has worked here for five years.'Has' agrees with the third person singular subject 'she'.

Respuesta correcta: C) Hospitals that will be finished before next year

• A) Hospitals that will start next yearThe sentence speaks of completion, not of the start of works.
• B) Hospitals that already existThe completion lies in the future, not in the past.
• C) Hospitals that will be finished before next yearThe future perfect places the completion ahead of the deadline.
• D) A hospital that will be demolishedNothing in the sentence refers to demolition.

Respuesta correcta: D) It links a past action to a present situation

• A) It refers only to actions with a specific dateA specific date excludes the present perfect and requires the simple past.
• B) It is used only in questionsIt appears in statements as well as in questions.
• C) It describes habits that never changeHabits belong to the simple present.
• D) It links a past action to a present situationThat present relevance is exactly what the form expresses.

Respuesta correcta: C) have been waiting

• A) are waitingThe present continuous is possible in a narrow sense but not with the standard duration reading.
• B) waitedThe simple past would not indicate that they are still waiting.
• C) have been waiting'Have been waiting' plus 'for' expresses a duration continuing to the present.
• D) will waitThe future refers to an action not yet begun.

Respuesta correcta: A) The acquaintance began in childhood and still holds

• A) The acquaintance began in childhood and still holds'Since childhood' plus the present perfect marks an ongoing relationship.
• B) The acquaintance ended in childhoodEnding the relationship would require the simple past.
• C) The acquaintance will begin in childhoodChildhood is a past reference, not a future one.
• D) The speaker met him yesterdayThe sentence places the origin of the relationship much earlier.