Future Forms

Respuesta correcta: A) will pass

• A) will passCorrect. 'Will' plus the base form expresses a prediction or opinion about a future situation.
• B) is passingWrong. 'Is passing' is present continuous, which refers to something already arranged but not to a prediction.
• C) passedWrong. 'Passed' is the past simple and cannot describe a future event.
• D) passesWrong. 'Passes' is present simple and would state a fact about the present moment.

Respuesta correcta: B) Look at those clouds; it is going to rain.

• A) Look at those clouds; it is going to rains.Wrong. 'Rains' after 'going to' is wrong; the infinitive after 'to' must stay in its base form.
• B) Look at those clouds; it is going to rain.Correct. 'Is going to' signals a prediction drawn from present evidence rather than a spontaneous opinion.
• C) Look at those clouds; it goes to rain.Wrong. 'Goes to rain' is not a standard construction; the future forms are will and be going to.
• D) Look at those clouds; it will rains.Wrong. 'Will' is followed directly by the base form, so an -s ending cannot appear there.

Respuesta correcta: C) I'm going to visit my aunt this weekend.

• A) I visited my aunt this weekend.Wrong. 'Visited' is past simple and describes a completed action.
• B) I visit my aunt this weekend.Wrong. 'Visit' is present simple and would describe a repeated or general action.
• C) I'm going to visit my aunt this weekend.Correct. 'Am going to' states a prior intention or plan, which is the standard use of this future form.
• D) I am visit my aunt this weekend.Wrong. 'Am visit' lacks the infinitive after 'to'.

Respuesta correcta: D) I'll take the window seat.

• A) I took the window seat.Wrong. 'Took' is past simple and places the decision in the past.
• B) I take the window seat.Wrong. 'Take' is present simple and expresses a habit or a general fact.
• C) I'm taking the window seat.Wrong. 'I'm taking' states an intention or arrangement decided earlier, not an instant choice.
• D) I'll take the window seat.Correct. 'I'll' is typical for a decision taken spontaneously in the act of speaking.

Respuesta correcta: A) By December I will have finished the thesis.

• A) By December I will have finished the thesis.Correct. 'Will have finished' shows the action completed before the future reference point of December.
• B) By December I finish the thesis.Wrong. 'Finish' is the base form and cannot convey a future relationship.
• C) By December I am finishing the thesis.Wrong. 'Am finishing' is present continuous and belongs to the present period.
• D) By December I will finish the thesis.Wrong. 'Will finish' is the future simple, which presents December as the moment of completion rather than the deadline.

Respuesta correcta: B) At nine tonight we will be waiting for the results.

• A) At nine tonight we will waiting for the results.Wrong. 'Will waiting' omits the second part of the auxiliary that the continuous requires.
• B) At nine tonight we will be waiting for the results.Correct. 'Will be' plus the gerund is the future continuous and marks an activity in progress at a stated future moment.
• C) At nine tonight we will be wait for the results.Wrong. 'Will be wait' uses the base form where the gerund is required.
• D) At nine tonight we will waits for the results.Wrong. 'Will waits' keeps the third person -s ending, which cannot follow a modal auxiliary.

Respuesta correcta: C) Be going to is used for intentions and evidence-based predictions, while will is used for spontaneous decisions, promises and neutral predictions.

• A) Will is used for predictions and be going to is used for past events.Wrong. 'Be going to' has no use with past events; it is exclusively a future form.
• B) Be going to is used for spontaneous decisions, while will is used only for past habits.Wrong. It reverses the usual distribution and omits predictions, promises and habits from the explanation.
• C) Be going to is used for intentions and evidence-based predictions, while will is used for spontaneous decisions, promises and neutral predictions.Correct. This is the standard distinction, and it explains the choice on the basis of intention, evidence and spontaneity.
• D) Both forms are interchangeable in all contexts without any difference in meaning.Wrong. The two forms differ in meaning, so they are not freely interchangeable.

Respuesta correcta: D) The population will double in twenty years.

• A) The population will doubled in twenty years.Wrong. 'Will doubled' places a past participle after a modal auxiliary, which is not a valid form.
• B) The population will be doubling in twenty years.Wrong. 'Will be doubling' describes an activity under way at a future moment rather than a total change.
• C) The population is going to doubles in twenty years.Wrong. 'Going to doubles' wrongly inflects the infinitive that follows 'to'.
• D) The population will double in twenty years.Correct. A prediction supported by an estimate uses will plus the base form in its neutral sense.

Respuesta correcta: A) By the end of the term, we will have submitted every report.

• A) By the end of the term, we will have submitted every report.Correct. The future perfect presents each report as finished before the deadline named in the opening phrase.
• B) By the end of the term, we will submitted every report.Wrong. 'Will submitted' is not a valid modal form; modals are followed by the base form or the infinitive.
• C) By the end of the term, we will be submitting every report.Wrong. 'Will be submitting' describes the activity at the deadline rather than its completion before it.
• D) By the end of the term, we will have submit every report.Wrong. 'Have submit' lacks the past participle that the future perfect requires.

Respuesta correcta: B) This time next year we will be living in Bogotá.

• A) This time next year we will being living in Bogotá.Wrong. 'Will being' omits the auxiliary that the future continuous requires after 'will'.
• B) This time next year we will be living in Bogotá.Correct. 'Will be living' describes the situation as already established when next year arrives.
• C) This time next year we live in Bogotá.Wrong. 'Live' is present simple and states the current situation rather than the future one.
• D) This time next year we will lives in Bogotá.Wrong. 'Will lives' keeps the third person ending that cannot follow a modal.

Respuesta correcta: C) I'll send you the notes tonight, I promise.

• A) I send you the notes tonight, I promise.Wrong. 'I send' is present simple and does not express a commitment about the future.
• B) I'm going to send you the notes tonight, I promise.Wrong. 'I'm going to send' states a pre-existing intention, so it is less appropriate for an instant promise.
• C) I'll send you the notes tonight, I promise.Correct. 'I'll' is the conventional form for a promise offered spontaneously during the conversation.
• D) I sent you the notes tonight, I promise.Wrong. 'I sent' is past simple and claims the notes have already been sent.

Respuesta correcta: D) It shows an action as complete before a future reference point in the sentence.

• A) It shows an action whose time of occurrence is deliberately left unspecified.Wrong. Leaving the time unspecified is the function of the present perfect, which links past and present.
• B) It shows an action that happened before another past action.Wrong. That description corresponds to the past perfect, not the future perfect.
• C) It shows an action still continuing at the moment of speaking.Wrong. An action still continuing at the present is described by the present continuous.
• D) It shows an action as complete before a future reference point in the sentence.Correct. This is the defining function of the future perfect, which looks back from a point in the future.

Respuesta correcta: A) By then she won't have finished the translation.

• A) By then she won't have finished the translation.Correct. 'Won't' plus 'have' plus the past participle forms the negative future perfect and contracts naturally in speech.
• B) By then she haven't finished the translation.Wrong. 'Haven't' is the present perfect and does not agree with the singular subject in any case.
• C) By then she isn't finishing the translation.Wrong. 'Isn't finishing' is negative present continuous and has no future anchor.
• D) By then she won't have finish the translation.Wrong. 'Won't have finish' lacks the past participle that 'have' requires.

Respuesta correcta: B) People will use bicycles more in the cities of the future.

• A) People will uses bicycles more in the cities of the future.Wrong. 'Will uses' adds a third person ending that cannot appear after a modal auxiliary.
• B) People will use bicycles more in the cities of the future.Correct. A prediction about a general future tendency takes will plus the base form with no inflection on the verb.
• C) People will be use bicycles more in the cities of the future.Wrong. 'Will be use' uses the base form after 'be' in the continuous position, which requires a gerund.
• D) People will used bicycles more in the cities of the future.Wrong. 'Will used' places a past form after a modal, which is not a valid combination.

Respuesta correcta: C) The roads are blocked, so we're going to take the train.

• A) The roads are blocked, so we are take the train.Wrong. 'Are take' lacks the infinitive that must follow 'to'.
• B) The roads are blocked, so we'll take the train.Wrong. 'We'll' reads as a spontaneous decision made at the moment of speaking, without the evidential basis.
• C) The roads are blocked, so we're going to take the train.Correct. 'Are going to' presents the choice as based on visible current evidence, which is its normal use.
• D) The roads are blocked, so we will took the train.Wrong. 'Will took' places a past form after a modal auxiliary, which is not valid.

Respuesta correcta: D) The volcano is going to erupt; scientists say the pressure keeps rising.

• A) The volcano is to erupt; scientists say the pressure keeps rising.Wrong. 'Is to erupt' expresses an arrangement rather than a prediction drawn from evidence.
• B) The volcano is going to erupt; scientists say the pressure has kept rising.Wrong. 'Has kept rising' refers to a completed interval up to now, which removes the sense of a developing trend.
• C) The volcano will erupting; scientists say the pressure keeps rising.Wrong. 'Will erupting' combines a modal with a gerund, which is not a valid future construction.
• D) The volcano is going to erupt; scientists say the pressure keeps rising.Correct. Present evidence of rising pressure supports the predictive use of 'is going to' before the verb 'erupt'.

Respuesta correcta: A) Urban migration continues, and it will continue well beyond 2050.

• A) Urban migration continues, and it will continue well beyond 2050.Correct. 'Will continue' is the plain future form and correctly predicts that the process carries on past that date.
• B) Urban migration continues, and it will continues well beyond 2050.Wrong. 'Will continues' adds a third person ending after the modal, which is grammatically incorrect.
• C) Urban migration continues, and it will being well beyond 2050.Wrong. 'Will being' is not a valid future form; the continuous requires 'will be continuing'.
• D) Urban migration continues, and it will be continued well beyond 2050.Wrong. 'Will be continued' is the passive and suggests an external agent restarts the process rather than its ongoing continuation.

Respuesta correcta: B) By the close of the fiscal year the department will have reduced its expenditure by a fifth.

• A) By the close of the fiscal year the department will reduce its expenditure by a fifth.Wrong. 'Will reduce' places the reduction at the deadline and leaves completion before it unmarked.
• B) By the close of the fiscal year the department will have reduced its expenditure by a fifth.Correct. In a formal forecast the future perfect stresses that the reduction will be complete before the deadline rather than at it.
• C) By the close of the fiscal year the department reduces its expenditure by a fifth.Wrong. 'Reduces' is present simple and contradicts the future framing of the sentence.
• D) By the close of the fiscal year the department is reducing its expenditure by a fifth.Wrong. 'Is reducing' refers to the present period and cannot be placed under a future deadline.

Respuesta correcta: C) By 2030 the company will have opened six branches, and it will expand into Asia next year.

• A) By 2030 the company will have opened six branches, and it is expanding into Asia next year.Wrong. 'Is expanding' is present continuous and would require a present reference point rather than next year.
• B) By 2030 the company will have opened six branches, and it expands into Asia next year.Wrong. 'It expands' is present simple and cannot carry the projection into next year.
• C) By 2030 the company will have opened six branches, and it will expand into Asia next year.Correct. The future perfect gives the completed position at 2030 and the future simple gives the projected next move, with no overlap in meaning.
• D) By 2030 the company will has opened six branches, and it will expand into Asia next year.Wrong. 'Will has opened' combines a modal with a perfect auxiliary, which is not a valid combination in standard English.

Respuesta correcta: D) The committee will announce the results tomorrow, and the decision is final.

• A) The committee will have announced the results tomorrow, and the decision depends on the final count.Wrong. 'Will have announced' places the announcement before the reference point and 'depends on the final count' removes the commitment.
• B) The committee will be announcing the results tomorrow, and the decision is under discussion.Wrong. 'Will be announcing' implies an ongoing process and 'under discussion' signals that nothing is settled.
• C) The committee might announce the results tomorrow, and the decision is open to review.Wrong. 'Might' introduces uncertainty and 'open to review' explicitly keeps the decision provisional.
• D) The committee will announce the results tomorrow, and the decision is final.Correct. This combines an unqualified future commitment with an explicit statement that the outcome is settled.