The city of Huancayo has introduced a weekly recycling collection. Residents must separate paper, glass and plastic into different bins before the lorry arrives. The programme began in three districts last year and will expand to the rest of the city next year. Officials say the aim is to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfill by half within a decade.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)The city is expanding a recycling programme in order to cut the waste it sends to landfill.
💡 Explicación
The main idea is the one statement that all the supporting details serve, and here they all describe a recycling scheme aimed at cutting landfill.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)The city is expanding a recycling programme in order to cut the waste it sends to landfill.
A)The city is expanding a recycling programme in order to cut the waste it sends to landfill.Correct. The passage states the aim of the recycling programme, and reducing landfill waste by half is that stated aim.
B)The programme has already achieved its target of reducing landfill waste by half.Wrong. The reduction is described as an aim for the next decade, so the target has not yet been achieved.
C)Residents must collect their own waste because the collection service has been reduced.Wrong. The passage says residents must separate waste, not that the service has been reduced.
D)The city has banned the use of plastic bottles across all of its districts.Wrong. No ban on plastic bottles is mentioned anywhere in the passage.
💡 Explicación
The main idea is the one statement that all the supporting details serve, and here they all describe a recycling scheme aimed at cutting landfill.
Pregunta 2
Pregunta 2 · D4Bloom: Remember
A short passage about a school exchange visit.
Every year, twenty students from a secondary school in Arequipa travel to Finland to spend two weeks with a partner school. The students stay with host families, attend regular lessons and take part in a joint science project. The cost is partly covered by the school and partly by a regional fund. Teachers say the aim is to build confidence in English rather than to improve exam results.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)The visit combines host families, classroom work and a shared project, and its stated purpose is to build confidence in English.
💡 Explicación
A main idea must cover the whole passage, and this option accounts for both the activities and the purpose without adding anything absent.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)The visit combines host families, classroom work and a shared project, and its stated purpose is to build confidence in English.
A)The exchange exists mainly to raise the school's results in the national examinations.Wrong. The passage explicitly says the aim is confidence in English rather than better exam results.
B)The visit combines host families, classroom work and a shared project, and its stated purpose is to build confidence in English.Correct. This summarises the activities and the stated aim, which is what a main-idea answer must cover.
C)Students spend the two weeks working in factories rather than attending lessons.Wrong. The students attend regular lessons and take part in a science project, not factory work.
D)The regional fund pays for the entire cost of the trip, so families contribute nothing.Wrong. The passage states that the cost is split between the school and the fund.
💡 Explicación
A main idea must cover the whole passage, and this option accounts for both the activities and the purpose without adding anything absent.
Pregunta 3
Pregunta 3 · D5Bloom: Understand
A short passage about a coastal town.
Paita used to depend almost entirely on fishing. Over the last decade, the town has developed a small but steady tourism industry, mainly because the bay is now visited by cruise ships. Fishing is still important, but the number of people working in hotels and restaurants has grown faster than the number of fishermen. The council expects tourism to become the main source of income within fifteen years.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)What mainly changed in Paita was the source of income, which is gradually moving from fishing to tourism.
💡 Explicación
When a passage explains how something changed over time, the change itself is usually the main idea and the other details explain it.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)What mainly changed in Paita was the source of income, which is gradually moving from fishing to tourism.
A)What mainly changed in Paita was the arrival of cruise ships, which replaced fishing boats in the bay.Wrong. Cruise ships explain why tourism grew, but they did not replace the fishing fleet.
B)What mainly changed in Paita was the number of fish caught, which has fallen sharply over the decade.Wrong. Nothing in the passage states that the number of fish caught fell; it says fishing is still important.
C)What mainly changed in Paita was the source of income, which is gradually moving from fishing to tourism.Correct. The passage is organised around a change in the economic base of the town, which is the central idea.
D)What mainly changed in Paita was the size of the town, which grew rapidly after tourism began.Wrong. The passage does not mention rapid population growth, only a change in employment.
💡 Explicación
When a passage explains how something changed over time, the change itself is usually the main idea and the other details explain it.
Pregunta 4
Pregunta 4 · D5Bloom: Understand
A short passage about a library service.
The municipal library in Trujillo used to open only on weekdays. Last year it extended its hours and now opens on Saturdays as well. It also began a home-delivery service for residents over seventy who cannot travel easily. Attendance has risen by a third since these changes, although the library employs the same number of staff. The director attributes the increase to the longer opening hours rather than to the delivery service.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)Attendance rose after the library extended its hours, and the director considers the longer hours the main reason.
💡 Explicación
A passage that lists changes and then attributes a result to one of them usually points to that attribution as its main point.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)Attendance rose after the library extended its hours, and the director considers the longer hours the main reason.
A)Attendance rose before the library extended its hours, so the changes made no difference.Wrong. The changes came first and the passage presents them as the cause of the increase.
B)Attendance fell during the year, and the delivery service was closed to save money.Wrong. Attendance rose by a third and the delivery service was introduced, not closed.
C)Attendance rose because the library hired more staff last year, which is why the total cost went up.Wrong. The passage states that the number of staff is unchanged.
D)Attendance rose after the library extended its hours, and the director considers the longer hours the main reason.Correct. The passage links the rise in attendance to the longer hours, and the director's statement confirms which change mattered most.
💡 Explicación
A passage that lists changes and then attributes a result to one of them usually points to that attribution as its main point.
Pregunta 5
Pregunta 5 · D5Bloom: Understand
A short passage about a medical study.
A study of two thousand office workers found that those who took a short walk at lunchtime reported lower stress levels than those who stayed at their desks. The researchers also recorded that the walkers slept better that night. However, the study did not measure how long the effects lasted, and it did not include workers who exercise outside the office. The authors therefore recommend more research before the results are used in official health advice.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)A study linked lunchtime walking with lower reported stress and better sleep, but the researchers say more work is needed.
💡 Explicación
A study passage usually has a finding and a limitation; a main-idea answer needs both and must avoid overstating the finding.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)A study linked lunchtime walking with lower reported stress and better sleep, but the researchers say more work is needed.
A)A study linked lunchtime walking with lower reported stress and better sleep, but the researchers say more work is needed.Correct. This states the finding and the researchers' own caution, which together form the message of the passage.
B)A study compared lunchtimes at work and found that walking reduces the need for official health advice.Wrong. The recommendation for more research does not mean the study reduces the need for health advice.
C)A study found that office workers who stay at their desks sleep worse than those who walk for health reasons.Wrong. The participants were office workers who stayed at their desks, not people who exercise elsewhere.
D)A study proved that taking a walk at lunchtime permanently reduces stress in all office workers.Wrong. The study did not measure duration and did not claim a permanent effect on all workers.
💡 Explicación
A study passage usually has a finding and a limitation; a main-idea answer needs both and must avoid overstating the finding.
Pregunta 6
Pregunta 6 · D6Bloom: Analyze
A short passage about a farming technique.
Farmers in the highlands have traditionally left fields fallow for a year so that the soil can recover. This practice costs them a full season of income. A trial in three communities replaced the fallow year with a cover crop of clover, which fixes nitrogen in the soil. Yields in the following season were fourteen per cent higher than on fallow land, and the extra income covered the cost of the seed within the first year.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)Replacing a fallow year with a cover crop increased later yields and paid for itself, which is the point of the trial.
💡 Explicación
An evaluative passage reports both an outcome and its practical significance, and a main-idea answer should capture the significance.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)Replacing a fallow year with a cover crop increased later yields and paid for itself, which is the point of the trial.
A)Replacing a fallow year with a cover crop failed because the seed cost more than the extra income.Wrong. The passage says the extra income covered the seed cost, so the trial succeeded.
B)Replacing a fallow year with a cover crop increased later yields and paid for itself, which is the point of the trial.Correct. The passage gives the yield increase and the financial outcome, and the improvement is the central message.
C)The trial proved that clover is the only profitable crop for highland farming communities.Wrong. Only three communities were involved and nothing suggests clover is the only profitable crop.
D)Highland farmers have always used clover because fallow years have never been practised there.Wrong. The passage states that farmers traditionally used fallow years, so the practice was common.
💡 Explicación
An evaluative passage reports both an outcome and its practical significance, and a main-idea answer should capture the significance.
Pregunta 7
Pregunta 7 · D6Bloom: Analyze
A short passage about public transport.
Two cities of similar size have very different bus networks. In one, buses arrive every ten minutes from six in the morning until ten at night. In the other, service is frequent only during the morning and evening peaks, with long gaps in the middle of the day. Surveys show that residents of the first city use the bus far more often for ordinary journeys, while the second city's residents tend to rely on walking or on being driven. Planners conclude that frequency matters more than the number of routes.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)Reliable all-day bus frequency, rather than the number of routes, is what makes residents use public transport for everyday trips.
💡 Explicación
A passage built around a comparison ends with a conclusion, and that conclusion is the main idea the details support.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)Reliable all-day bus frequency, rather than the number of routes, is what makes residents use public transport for everyday trips.
A)The city with more routes is likely to attract more passengers in the future than the city with fewer.Wrong. The planners conclude the opposite, that frequency outweighs the number of routes.
B)Two cities of similar size should always copy the same bus network from one another.Wrong. The passage draws a lesson from the comparison; it does not advise one city to copy the other.
C)Reliable all-day bus frequency, rather than the number of routes, is what makes residents use public transport for everyday trips.Correct. The survey results and the planners' conclusion together point to frequency as the decisive factor.
D)Bus networks in cities of similar size make no measurable difference to how residents travel.Wrong. The surveys show a measurable difference between the two cities.
💡 Explicación
A passage built around a comparison ends with a conclusion, and that conclusion is the main idea the details support.
Pregunta 8
Pregunta 8 · D6Bloom: Analyze
A short passage about sleep research.
Many students believe that a night of poor sleep ruins the whole following day. Researchers have found a more complicated picture: after one bad night, performance falls but recovers within a day, whereas three consecutive nights of poor sleep reduce performance for a week afterwards. The researchers add that caffeine can mask the effects of a single bad night, which is why people often overestimate the damage. They recommend that students prioritise three consecutive nights of adequate sleep rather than occasional long sleeps.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)The real damage comes from several nights of poor sleep in a row, so occasional recovery nights do not offset it.
💡 Explicación
When a passage corrects a popular belief, the correction is usually the main idea and the research details support it.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)The real damage comes from several nights of poor sleep in a row, so occasional recovery nights do not offset it.
A)Students should sleep long at weekends to compensate for poor sleep during the week.Wrong. The recommendation is consistent sleep rather than compensating with long sleeps at weekends.
B)Poor sleep has no measurable effect on performance, and only caffeine affects how people feel.Wrong. The passage reports measurable effects on performance, so this contradicts it.
C)A single night of poor sleep damages a student's performance for a full week without recovering.Wrong. The passage states that performance recovers within a day after a single bad night.
D)The real damage comes from several nights of poor sleep in a row, so occasional recovery nights do not offset it.Correct. The passage distinguishes one bad night from three consecutive nights and builds its advice on that distinction.
💡 Explicación
When a passage corrects a popular belief, the correction is usually the main idea and the research details support it.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta 9 · D6Bloom: Analyze
A short passage about a museum policy.
A regional museum has removed all the rope barriers from its main gallery. Visitors may now walk close to the exhibits, including the fragile eighteenth-century ceramics. Attendance has doubled since the change, and the museum reports that many visitors mention the freedom of movement as the reason for returning. However, three objects have been damaged in the past year, none of which was behind a barrier. The director will decide in December whether to restore the barriers to some displays.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)The museum traded protection for access and will review the decision, which is the situation the passage describes.
💡 Explicación
A passage that reports a benefit and a cost and ends with a pending decision has that tension at its centre.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)The museum traded protection for access and will review the decision, which is the situation the passage describes.
A)The museum traded protection for access and will review the decision, which is the situation the passage describes.Correct. This captures both sides of the outcome, the access gained and the risk incurred, and notes that a decision is pending.
B)The museum's policy was unpopular with visitors, who preferred to view the ceramics from behind barriers.Wrong. Visitors reported that the freedom of movement was the reason they returned, so they liked the change.
C)The museum will restore all the rope barriers in December, because visitors have complained about them.Wrong. The passage says the director will decide whether to restore barriers, not that all of them will return.
D)The museum doubled its attendance without any cost, since nothing has been damaged in the gallery.Wrong. Three objects have been damaged, so the change did have a cost.
💡 Explicación
A passage that reports a benefit and a cost and ends with a pending decision has that tension at its centre.
Pregunta 10
Pregunta 10 · D6Bloom: Understand
A short passage about a school timetable change.
A secondary school has moved its start time from seven to half past seven. The change was made because buses arrived late and many students missed the first period. Since the change, punctuality has improved and the number of students arriving after eight has fallen sharply. However, several students who travel a long distance now complain that they get home later in the afternoon, and bus drivers say the later start has delayed the routes. The head teacher says the change will be reviewed at the end of the year.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)A later start improved punctuality but created a new problem for long-distance travellers, so the school will review it.
💡 Explicación
A passage that presents an improvement and a resulting problem is balanced in structure, and a good main-idea answer must keep both.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)A later start improved punctuality but created a new problem for long-distance travellers, so the school will review it.
A)A later start solved the transport problem completely and nobody is dissatisfied with the outcome.Wrong. The afternoon complaint from long-distance travellers shows that not everyone is satisfied.
B)A later start improved punctuality but created a new problem for long-distance travellers, so the school will review it.Correct. This reports the benefit, the new drawback and the planned review, which together form the passage's message.
C)A later start was rejected by the bus drivers, who refused to change their routes.Wrong. The drivers reported a delay, but nothing suggests they refused to operate the routes.
D)A later start reduced punctuality and made the bus problem significantly worse for everyone.Wrong. Punctuality improved rather than deteriorating.
💡 Explicación
A passage that presents an improvement and a resulting problem is balanced in structure, and a good main-idea answer must keep both.
Pregunta 11
Pregunta 11 · D7Bloom: Analyze
A short passage about a language-teaching method.
A language school replaced traditional grammar lessons with conversation tasks in which students must negotiate meaning to complete a task. Test scores in grammar did not fall, and speaking scores rose sharply. Teachers reported that students became more willing to guess unfamiliar words, which they had previously avoided. The school's director nevertheless warns that the method works only where learners are not required to write formal essays, which the final exam does.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)The new method helped speaking and confidence while leaving grammar intact, but it is not suitable for the exam's written demands.
💡 Explicación
A passage that presents measured results and then a limitation is best summarised by an option that carries both halves.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)The new method helped speaking and confidence while leaving grammar intact, but it is not suitable for the exam's written demands.
A)The school abandoned grammar teaching altogether, which explains the rise in speaking scores.Wrong. The method replaced grammar lessons rather than abandoning grammar teaching, since the scores were maintained.
B)The new method raised grammar scores as well, so no aspect of the syllabus was affected.Wrong. The passage says grammar scores did not fall, not that they rose.
C)The new method helped speaking and confidence while leaving grammar intact, but it is not suitable for the exam's written demands.Correct. This states the measured outcomes and the stated limitation together, which is the passage's balanced message.
D)The director believes the exam should be changed to remove its written section.Wrong. The director warns the school about the mismatch rather than proposing a change to the exam.
💡 Explicación
A passage that presents measured results and then a limitation is best summarised by an option that carries both halves.
Pregunta 12
Pregunta 12 · D7Bloom: Analyze
A short passage about urban traffic.
A city introduced a charge for driving into its centre during peak hours. Traffic volume fell by eighteen per cent in the first year, and average journey times dropped by six minutes. Retailers in the centre complained that they lost customers, and several moved to the suburbs. Transport planners reply that the scheme pays for better bus services, and figures show that bus use has risen by a quarter. They add that air quality has improved measurably since the charge began.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)The congestion charge reduced traffic and improved air quality, but it shifted some commercial activity to the suburbs.
💡 Explicación
Summarising a policy passage means acknowledging both the benefits reported by the promoters and the costs reported by the affected.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)The congestion charge reduced traffic and improved air quality, but it shifted some commercial activity to the suburbs.
A)The congestion charge was cancelled because retailers successfully challenged it in court.Wrong. Nothing in the passage reports a legal challenge or a cancellation.
B)The congestion charge increased traffic in the centre and made air quality worse.Wrong. Traffic fell and air quality improved, which is the opposite of this option.
C)The congestion charge achieved every result it was designed for, with no opposition from any group.Wrong. The retailers complained and some left, so the outcome was not without opposition.
D)The congestion charge reduced traffic and improved air quality, but it shifted some commercial activity to the suburbs.Correct. This includes the environmental successes and the commercial reaction, which together make up the passage's content.
💡 Explicación
Summarising a policy passage means acknowledging both the benefits reported by the promoters and the costs reported by the affected.
Pregunta 13
Pregunta 13 · D7Bloom: Analyze
A short passage about a scholarship programme.
A foundation awards scholarships to students from rural districts who cannot afford university fees. Applicants must submit a short essay and two references. In its first year the foundation funded sixty awards. However, when applications were reviewed, it emerged that more than half of the successful candidates had attended a selective school in the capital, which suggests that the scheme is reaching better-resourced families than intended. The foundation has decided to reserve half of next year's awards for students from schools with no exam preparation centre.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)The scholarship reached better-resourced applicants than intended, so the foundation has reserved part of the scheme for less advantaged schools.
💡 Explicación
A passage that describes a scheme and then discovers it is not reaching its intended group has that discovery as its central point.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)The scholarship reached better-resourced applicants than intended, so the foundation has reserved part of the scheme for less advantaged schools.
A)The scholarship reached better-resourced applicants than intended, so the foundation has reserved part of the scheme for less advantaged schools.Correct. The passage identifies a mismatch between the aim and the outcome and gives the resulting change to the scheme.
B)The scholarship has already met its objective and the foundation will continue unchanged.Wrong. The foundation decided to reserve half the awards, so the scheme is changing.
C)The foundation found that rural students were less likely to submit applications, which is why the scheme was revised.Wrong. The problem was not the number of applicants but the type of school they had attended.
D)The scholarship was cancelled because too many applicants already had university funding.Wrong. The foundation awarded sixty scholarships and has revised it, not cancelled it.
💡 Explicación
A passage that describes a scheme and then discovers it is not reaching its intended group has that discovery as its central point.
Pregunta 14
Pregunta 14 · D7Bloom: Analyze
A short passage about a coastline.
A stretch of coastline in southern Peru is losing roughly two metres of land each year. Satellite images show that the retreat is fastest where a river reaches the sea, because the river carries sediment that once replaced the eroded sand. Engineers have built a sea wall along two kilometres of the shore, and there the erosion has slowed. However, a geologist warns that the wall may simply move the erosion to neighbouring beaches, since the sediment that used to settle nearby now settles behind the wall.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)Sea walls slow erosion where they are built but may transfer the problem to nearby coastlines, according to the geologist.
💡 Explicación
A passage that describes an intervention and then a professional warning about its side effects is best summarised by an option holding both.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)Sea walls slow erosion where they are built but may transfer the problem to nearby coastlines, according to the geologist.
A)Coastal erosion is caused entirely by the river sediment that reaches the sea.Wrong. The erosion is worse where the sediment arrives, so sediment is protective rather than causal.
B)Sea walls slow erosion where they are built but may transfer the problem to nearby coastlines, according to the geologist.Correct. This reports the local benefit and the geologist's warning about transfer, which is the passage's central tension.
C)The satellite images show that the coastline has advanced by two metres in recent years.Wrong. The images show a loss of land, which is a retreat rather than an advance.
D)Engineers have solved the erosion problem along the whole affected coastline with sea walls.Wrong. Walls cover only two kilometres and the erosion continues elsewhere.
💡 Explicación
A passage that describes an intervention and then a professional warning about its side effects is best summarised by an option holding both.
Pregunta 15
Pregunta 15 · D7Bloom: Evaluate
A short passage about two competing explanations.
Two explanations have been offered for the fall in bee numbers. One blames the use of neonicotinoid pesticides, pointing to the fact that colony losses began shortly after their introduction. The other blames the spread of the invasive varroa mite, noting that losses also occurred in regions where the pesticides were never used. A review of the evidence concludes that both factors are likely involved, since the greatest losses have occurred in places where the two overlap.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)The review attributes the losses to two interacting causes rather than to a single one, which is why the greatest losses are where both are present.
💡 Explicación
When a passage weighs two explanations and reaches a conclusion about their interaction, that conclusion is the main idea.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)The review attributes the losses to two interacting causes rather than to a single one, which is why the greatest losses are where both are present.
A)The review concludes that pesticides are the only cause, since losses began after their introduction.Wrong. The evidence from regions without the pesticides is precisely why the review kept the second explanation.
B)The review rejects the pesticide explanation entirely and blames the varroa mite alone.Wrong. The review does not reject the pesticide explanation; it retains it as one contributing factor.
C)The review attributes the losses to two interacting causes rather than to a single one, which is why the greatest losses are where both are present.Correct. This captures the review's conclusion that both factors interact and explains the pattern of the worst losses.
D)The review finds no link between either factor and the fall in bee numbers.Wrong. The review concludes that the two factors are likely involved in the losses.
💡 Explicación
When a passage weighs two explanations and reaches a conclusion about their interaction, that conclusion is the main idea.
Pregunta 16
Pregunta 16 · D8Bloom: Evaluate
A short passage about the structure of a report.
A report on water use in a coastal city opens with a detailed table of consumption figures for each district. It then gives a brief methodological note explaining where the figures came from, and only in the fourth section does it present an argument about what should be done. A reviewer notes that many readers stop before reaching the argument, and recommends that the report lead with its recommendations.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)The reviewer's point is that the report buries its recommendations after preliminary material, which may prevent readers from reaching them.
💡 Explicación
A passage about a text's own structure is best summarised by an option that states the diagnosis and the resulting recommendation together.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: D)The reviewer's point is that the report buries its recommendations after preliminary material, which may prevent readers from reaching them.
A)The reviewer recommends removing the recommendations so that the report ends with data rather than advice.Wrong. The reviewer recommends promoting the recommendations, not deleting them.
B)The reviewer objects to the length of the report and would prefer a shorter document.Wrong. Length is not the criticism made; the order of the material is.
C)The reviewer thinks the figures are unreliable, because they appear before the methodological note.Wrong. The reviewer raises no doubt about the reliability of the figures.
D)The reviewer's point is that the report buries its recommendations after preliminary material, which may prevent readers from reaching them.Correct. This identifies the structural problem the reviewer describes and connects it to the recommendation to lead with conclusions.
💡 Explicación
A passage about a text's own structure is best summarised by an option that states the diagnosis and the resulting recommendation together.
Pregunta 17
Pregunta 17 · D8Bloom: Analyze
A short passage about a reading experiment.
Participants read a text on screen with their eyes tracked by a camera. The results showed that readers fixated on the first and last line of each paragraph far longer than on the middle lines. Researchers concluded that readers rely heavily on what they expect to find at paragraph boundaries. When the paragraph order was scrambled, readers took much longer to identify the topic of the text, which supports the same conclusion.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: A)The tracking results and the scrambling experiment together suggest that readers use paragraph boundaries to predict the content of a text.
💡 Explicación
A research passage that presents two experiments is summarised best by an option that unifies their shared conclusion.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: A)The tracking results and the scrambling experiment together suggest that readers use paragraph boundaries to predict the content of a text.
A)The tracking results and the scrambling experiment together suggest that readers use paragraph boundaries to predict the content of a text.Correct. This integrates the two pieces of evidence and draws the shared conclusion about prediction at boundaries.
B)The study proves that eye movements alone determine whether a reader understands a text.Wrong. The study reports attention and speed; it makes no claim about understanding being determined by eye movements.
C)The scrambling experiment shows that paragraph order is irrelevant to how quickly a topic is identified.Wrong. Scrambling the order made identification slower, so order does matter.
D)The tracking results show that readers pay most attention to the middle of a paragraph because that is where the detail lies.Wrong. The longest fixations were on the first and last lines, not the middle.
💡 Explicación
A research passage that presents two experiments is summarised best by an option that unifies their shared conclusion.
Pregunta 18
Pregunta 18 · D8Bloom: Analyze
A short passage about a historical trade route.
For four centuries, merchants carried salt from the coastal salt pans to the highlands in exchange for textiles. The route shaped the architecture of several intermediate towns, whose houses were built from salt blocks that later dissolved and left distinctive foundations. Historians have used those foundations to map the route, although a recent study warns that the same building technique was used elsewhere for unrelated reasons, so the evidence must be interpreted cautiously.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: B)Salt-block foundations helped historians trace the trade route, but the technique was not unique enough to prove the route's path on its own.
💡 Explicación
Evidence passages distinguish what a source can show from what it cannot prove, and a good summary preserves both.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: B)Salt-block foundations helped historians trace the trade route, but the technique was not unique enough to prove the route's path on its own.
A)Salt-block foundations proved exactly where the route passed, because no other building used that technique.Wrong. The recent study explicitly warns that the same technique was used elsewhere.
B)Salt-block foundations helped historians trace the trade route, but the technique was not unique enough to prove the route's path on its own.Correct. This states what the evidence contributed and the limitation the study identifies, which is the passage's balanced point.
C)Merchants built houses from salt for three centuries before they began trading textiles.Wrong. The passage describes the trade in salt and textiles together over four centuries, not a separate building phase.
D)The salt trade had no effect on architecture, and the foundations are unrelated to the merchants.Wrong. The passage states that the route shaped the architecture of the intermediate towns.
💡 Explicación
Evidence passages distinguish what a source can show from what it cannot prove, and a good summary preserves both.
Pregunta 19
Pregunta 19 · D8Bloom: Evaluate
A short passage with an explicit thesis about study methods.
Universities have promoted spaced revision for years, but the evidence quoted in this article comes almost entirely from laboratory studies of vocabulary learning. The author notes that students preparing for essay subjects may need a different approach, since their skill is in organising arguments rather than recalling isolated facts. She therefore argues that research should compare the two kinds of learning before advising all students to revise the same way.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: C)The article's thesis is that advice based on vocabulary research should not be extended to essay-based subjects without further comparison.
💡 Explicación
When a passage states that evidence does not justify a wider application, the gap between the evidence and the advice is the thesis.
Ver respuesta
Respuesta correcta: C)The article's thesis is that advice based on vocabulary research should not be extended to essay-based subjects without further comparison.
A)The article's thesis is that laboratory studies of vocabulary learning are scientifically worthless.Wrong. The article criticises the narrowness of the evidence, not its scientific value.
B)The article's thesis is that spaced revision has been proved effective for all subjects, including essays.Wrong. The author questions rather than confirms the extension of that evidence to essays.
C)The article's thesis is that advice based on vocabulary research should not be extended to essay-based subjects without further comparison.Correct. This states the argument the author makes, which is that the evidence does not yet cover essay-based learning.
D)The article's thesis is that essay writing should be replaced by spaced revision of isolated facts.Wrong. The author proposes more comparison, not the replacement of essay writing.
💡 Explicación
When a passage states that evidence does not justify a wider application, the gap between the evidence and the advice is the thesis.
Pregunta 20
Pregunta 20 · D8Bloom: Evaluate
A short passage about an unexpected outcome in a trial.
A drug intended to lower blood pressure was tested in a large trial. The drug did lower blood pressure, as expected, but patients who took it reported noticeably worse sleep than those in the control group. The researchers concluded that the drug should be used only where the benefit outweighs the sleep disturbance. The trial therefore did not produce a simple positive result, even though its main intended effect was confirmed.
Elige una opción para comprobar tu respuesta.
Respuesta correcta: D)The trial confirmed the drug's intended effect while revealing a side effect that narrows where it should be used.
💡 Explicación
A mixed-outcome passage must be summarised with both the confirmed expectation and the newly discovered complication.
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Respuesta correcta: D)The trial confirmed the drug's intended effect while revealing a side effect that narrows where it should be used.
A)The trial concluded that the drug should never be used, because the sleep disturbance outweighed every benefit.Wrong. The conclusion restricts rather than prohibits use, and does not weigh the benefit as always outweighed.
B)The trial showed that sleep quality is unrelated to taking medication for blood pressure.Wrong. The trial found a connection between the drug and worse sleep.
C)The trial failed because the drug did not reduce blood pressure as the researchers expected.Wrong. The passage states that the drug did lower blood pressure as expected.
D)The trial confirmed the drug's intended effect while revealing a side effect that narrows where it should be used.Correct. This states both the confirmed effect and the new restriction on use, which is the passage's actual conclusion.
💡 Explicación
A mixed-outcome passage must be summarised with both the confirmed expectation and the newly discovered complication.
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