Relative Clauses Defining

Respuesta correcta: A) The student whose brother lives in Carolina won the scholarship.

• A) The student whose brother lives in Carolina won the scholarship.Correct. 'whose brother lives in Carolina' identifies the student through their brother, so the clause is strictly defining.
• B) The student who lives in Carolina won the scholarship.This sentence has a clause between commas, so it is non-defining: it adds extra information instead of identifying which student is meant.
• C) The student, who lives in Carolina, won the scholarship.Incorrect. Commas signal an optional non-defining clause, which is not needed to identify the student.
• D) The student lives in Carolina and won the scholarship.Incorrect. 'And' joins two verbs in coordinate clauses and does not form a relative clause.

Respuesta correcta: C) who

• A) whichIncorrect. 'Which' is reserved for things, not people, when it acts as a subject.
• B) whomIncorrect. 'Whom' is the object of a preposition and cannot be the subject of the verb 'designed'.
• C) whoCorrect. 'Who' is used for people and functions as the subject of the verb 'designed' within the relative clause.
• D) whatIncorrect. 'What' cannot be the subject of a relative clause in the standard English of this unit.

Respuesta correcta: B) that

• A) whatIncorrect. 'What' introduces a complete noun clause and is not used as a relative object.
• B) thatCorrect. 'That' can be the object of the relative clause and takes no comma in its defining use.
• C) whichThis is the only gap in the sentence, so 'which' can be neither the subject nor the object inside a relative clause.
• D) whereIncorrect. 'Where' introduces an adverb of place and cannot be the direct object of 'bought'.

Respuesta correcta: D) where

• A) whichIncorrect. 'Which' works as a subject or object, but it cannot express a place without the preposition 'in'.
• B) that'That' cannot express place on its own, so the sentence is incomplete without the preposition 'in' that 'where' already includes.
• C) whenIncorrect. 'When' introduces time, not place, so it does not fit the idea of the house.
• D) whereCorrect. 'Where' replaces an adverb of place, and the preposition 'in' is built into the relative pronoun.

Respuesta correcta: D) whose

• A) whoIncorrect. 'Who' cannot express possession; the relative pronoun 'whose' is used for that.
• B) whichIncorrect. 'Which' is used for things, but not to show who something belongs to.
• C) whomIncorrect. 'Whom' is the object of a preposition and does not express possession.
• D) whoseCorrect. 'Whose' shows possession and connects the clause to the noun 'lecture'.

Respuesta correcta: B) The woman whom I spoke to is the new principal.

• A) The woman who I spoke to is the new principal.'Who' with a preposition in front of it belongs to the informal register, and the question asks for the formal construction with 'whom'.
• B) The woman whom I spoke to is the new principal.Correct. In formal usage, the preposition is placed before the pronoun 'whom'.
• C) The woman which I spoke to is the new principal.Incorrect. 'Which' is not used to refer to people; the correct form is 'who' or 'whom'.
• D) The woman to who I spoke is the new principal.Incorrect. In formal usage, the preposition goes after the relative pronoun, not before it.

Respuesta correcta: A) The commas around it.

• A) The commas around it.Correct. The commas set off an optional clause that adds extra information and does not identify the noun.
• B) The use of 'which' instead of 'that'.Incorrect. 'Which' can also appear in defining clauses, so it is not what marks a clause as optional.
• C) The use of the past tense in the clause.Incorrect. Verb tense does not determine whether the clause is defining or non-defining.
• D) The absence of a subject in the clause.Incorrect. A relative clause always has its own subject and cannot be built without one.

Respuesta correcta: C) that

• A) whatIncorrect. 'What' is not used as an object relative pronoun followed by a time preposition.
• B) which isA relative clause needs a relative pronoun and a verb, and it does not accept 'which' followed by 'is' in the gap shown.
• C) thatCorrect. 'That' functions as the object of the preposition 'for', and the preposition can stay at the end of the clause.
• D) whereIncorrect. 'Where' expresses place, but here the relationship is that of an object of the preposition 'for'.

Respuesta correcta: C) Because the information is essential to identify the noun.

• A) Because commas are not allowed in English sentences.Incorrect. Commas are often used and are required in non-defining clauses.
• B) Because the clause is always short.Incorrect. Length does not determine how commas are used in a relative clause.
• C) Because the information is essential to identify the noun.Correct. Without the clause, the noun would be too vague and the sentence would not make complete sense.
• D) Because the verb must be in the present tense.Incorrect. Verb tense is independent of the type of relative clause being used.

Respuesta correcta: A) that

• A) thatCorrect. 'That' is the object of 'bought' and works as a neutral relative pronoun for things.
• B) whichIncorrect. Although 'which' works with things, the prompt asks for the most economical form for a non-human antecedent acting as an object.
• C) whatIncorrect. 'What' cannot function as a relative object within this type of clause.
• D) whoseIncorrect. 'Whose' expresses possession and does not replace the direct object of the verb 'bought'.

Respuesta correcta: D) whom

• A) whoIncorrect. In formal usage with the preposition before the pronoun, the required form is 'whom', not 'who'.
• B) whichIncorrect. 'Which' is not used for people when it refers to the object of a preposition.
• C) whatIncorrect. 'What' introduces a noun clause and is not an object relative pronoun.
• D) whomCorrect. 'Whom' is the object of the preposition 'to' and is used for people in formal register.

Respuesta correcta: B) when

• A) which'Which' cannot replace an adverb of time, because for time there is the relative pronoun 'when'.
• B) whenCorrect. 'When' replaces an adverb of time and cannot be replaced by 'that' in this case.
• C) thatIncorrect. 'That' cannot replace an adverb of time; the pronoun 'when' is used for that.
• D) whereIncorrect. 'Where' introduces place, and the prompt refers to a day, not a location.

Respuesta correcta: B) why

• A) which'Which' introduces an object clause and does not express reason, which is the function 'why' has in this case.
• B) whyCorrect. 'Why' introduces a clause of reason and is the relative pronoun that replaces 'the reason'.
• C) whatIncorrect. 'What' is not a relative pronoun of reason and does not replace the phrase 'the reason'.
• D) whenIncorrect. 'When' introduces time, but the clause explains a reason, not a moment.

Respuesta correcta: D) that

• A) whatIncorrect. 'What' does not function as an object relative pronoun with a transitive verb.
• B) whereIncorrect. 'Where' expresses place, but 'visited' is a transitive verb, so the pronoun must be an object.
• C) which'Which' works as a relative object, but the question asks for the neuter relative pronoun for a non-human antecedent.
• D) thatCorrect. 'That' is the object of 'visited', and the clause identifies which of the islands is meant.

Respuesta correcta: C) that

• A) whatIncorrect. 'What' introduces a noun clause and does not function as a relative object.
• B) whereIncorrect. 'Where' expresses place, but the clause relates to the noun as an object.
• C) thatCorrect. 'That' functions as the object of 'wrote' and takes no comma in its defining use.
• D) whenIncorrect. 'When' introduces time, not the direct object that the verb 'wrote' requires.

Respuesta correcta: A) Because it defines exactly which person or thing the sentence refers to.

• A) Because it defines exactly which person or thing the sentence refers to.Correct. Its function is to narrow the meaning of the noun to one specific, particular item.
• B) Because it is the longest clause in the sentence.Incorrect. Length does not determine the name or behavior of the clause.
• C) Because it always comes at the beginning of the sentence.Incorrect. The clause can follow the noun directly or be set off by commas in its non-defining form.
• D) Because it is required in every English sentence.Incorrect. Many sentences are correct without any relative clause; it is the information that may require one.

Respuesta correcta: A) that

• A) thatCorrect. 'That' is the object of 'watched' and works as a relative pronoun for non-human antecedents.
• B) whatIncorrect. 'What' cannot act as the direct object of a transitive verb.
• C) which'Which' is possible with films, but the question explicitly asks for the neuter relative pronoun 'that'.
• D) whoIncorrect. 'Who' is reserved for people, and the antecedent in this sentence is a movie.

Respuesta correcta: D) This is the equipment that we need for the experiment.

• A) This is the equipment what we need for the experiment.Incorrect. 'What' is not used as a relative object in the standard English of this unit.
• B) This is the equipment which what we need for the experiment.Incorrect. Two relative pronouns cannot be combined in the same clause.
• C) This is the equipment where we need for the experiment.Incorrect. 'Where' expresses place and cannot be the object of the verb 'need'.
• D) This is the equipment that we need for the experiment.Correct. 'That' is the object of 'need', and the clause identifies the specific equipment being used.

Respuesta correcta: B) whose

• A) whoIncorrect. 'Who' is used as a subject or object, but it does not express possession as the prompt requires.
• B) whoseCorrect. 'Whose' expresses possession of the work and connects the clause to the noun 'students'.
• C) whatIncorrect. 'What' is not a possessive relative pronoun and cannot link to 'work ethic'.
• D) whichIncorrect. 'Which' does not express possession, and the sentence needs that kind of link between the subject and the noun.

Respuesta correcta: C) whose

• A) whoIncorrect. 'Who' does not express possession, which is the relationship the noun 'advice' describes.
• B) thatIncorrect. 'That' works as an object or subject, but not as a possessive link between 'teacher' and 'advice'.
• C) whoseCorrect. 'Whose' shows that the advice belongs to the teacher, which is why the clause is meaningful.
• D) whichIncorrect. 'Which' does not express possession, so it cannot depend on the noun 'advice'.